P2 - Cerebellum

Question 1

Lateral Cerebellar Hemispheres

Answer 1

executive functions … verbal, working memory, muscle control, balance, goal-directed movement
- right: language
- left: visuospatial functions

Question 2

Anterior Lobe

Answer 2

• mediates unconscious proprioception
• receives input mainly from spinal cord (DCML)

Question 3

Posterior Lobe

Answer 3

• influences initiation, planning, and coordination of movement
• determines strength, direction, and scope of movement
• inhibition of voluntary movements (GABA)

Question 4

Flocculonodular Lobe

Answer 4

• eye movement + balance
• consists of flocculus + nodule
• receives input from ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
• functional name = vestibulocerebellum

Question 5

Primary Fissure

Answer 5

divides cerebellum into anterior + posterior lobes

Question 6

Vermis

Answer 6

• midline of cerebellum, separating it into two lateral hemispheres
• coordinates movements of central body (trunk, head, proximal limbs)
• maintains upright posture
• functional name = spinocerebellum

lesion here can lead to truncal ataxia

Question 7

Paravermal Area

Answer 7

• coordinates movements from distal limbs (arms, legs, fingers, toes)
• skilled volitional movements
• regulatory activity is achieved by interposed nuclei
• receives input from spinocerebellar tract from hands, feet, and distal muscles

Question 8

Dentate Nucleus

Answer 8

• regulates fine-control of voluntary movements, cognition, and sensory functions
• motor planning prior to voluntary movements

Question 9

Interposed Nuclei

Answer 9

• control associative learning of eye-blinking and other defensive reflexes
• coordinates agonist + antagonist muscle pairs
• composed of globose nucleus + emboliform nucleus
• globose = balance, connected to vestibular system
• emboliform = regulates precision of limb movements

Question 10

Fastigial Nucleus

Answer 10

• maintenance of balance … interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate movement of body through space
• receives afferents from vermis

Question 11

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 11

• regulation of movements underlying posture and equilibrium
• receives input from vestibular nuclei + apparatus in brainstem

Question 12

Spinocerebellum

Answer 12

• coordination of gross motor limb movements and maintenance of muscle tone
• comprises vermis, intermediate zones (paravermal area), fastigial nucleus, and interposed nuclei
• receives input from spinocerebellar tracts
• sends output to rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, lateral corticopspinal, and lateral corticobrainstem tracts

Question 13

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 13

• planning and timing of movements, cognitive functions, motor learning
• formed by lateral hemispheres
• receives input from cerebral cortex
• sends output to thalamus and red nucleus

Question 14

Tonsils

Answer 14

inferior part of posterior lobe

Question 15

Arbor Vitae

Answer 15

white matter

Question 16

Folia of Cerebellar Cortex

Answer 16

gray matter

Question 17

4th Ventricle

Answer 17

• helps form central canal for CSF flow
• protects brain from trauma (cushioning effect)

Question 18

Midbrain Tectum

Answer 18

posterior region of midbrain containing pretectal area + colliculi

Question 19

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 19

• connects midbrain to cerebellum
• almost exclusively efferent
• carries efferents from globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei to red nucleus and ventrolateral thalamus for regulation of rubrospinal + corticospinal tracts
• afferents from anterior spinocerebellar tracts

Question 20

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 20

• connects pons to cerebellum
• only afferent
• carries afferents from pontine nuclei

Question 21

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 21

• connects medulla to cerebellum
• both afferent + efferent
• afferents from spinal cord, vestibular appartus + nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus
• efferents to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation (vestibulospinal + reticulospinal tracts)

Question 22

Which branch(es) of the vertebral artery supplies the cerebellum?

Answer 22

PICA

Question 23

Which branch(es) of the basilar artery supplies the cerebellum?

Answer 23

AICA, SCA

Question 24

Which tracts travel through the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 24

anterior spinocerebellar, rostral spinocerebellar

Question 25

Which tracts travel through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 25

corticopontocerebellar pathway

Question 26

Which tracts travel through the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 26

cuneocerebellar, posterior spinocerebellar, rostral spinocerebellar

Question 27

Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract

Answer 27

proprioceptive information from LE + lower trunk *ipsilateral*

Question 28

Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract

Answer 28

proprioceptive information from both sides of body *decussates twice*

Question 29

Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract

Answer 29

proprioceptive information from cervical spinal cord + T1 *ipsilateral*

Question 30

Cuneocerebellar Tract

Answer 30

proprioceptive information from neck, UE, and upper back *ipsilateral*

Question 31

Vestibulocerebellar Output

Answer 31

lateral + medial vestibulospinal

Question 32

Spinocerebellar Output

Answer 32

lateral + medial vestibulospinal, medial reticulospinal, medial corticospinal

Question 33

Cerebrospinal Output

Answer 33

lateral corticospinal, rubrospinal