P2 - Cerebrum

Question 1

Frontal Lobe

Answer 1

higher level executive functioning, personality, planning, voluntary movement, expressive language

• borders = central sulcus, lateral sulcus, cingulate sulcus

Question 2

Parietal Lobe

Answer 2

somatosensation, spatial awareness, direct attention, perception schemas

• borders = central sulcus, lateral sulcus, cingulate sulcus, parietal-occipital sulcus

Question 3

Temporal Lobe

Answer 3

process auditory information, classify sounds, emotion + memory, vestibular

• borders = lateral sulcus

Question 4

Occipital Lobe

Answer 4

process vision, spatial relationships of visual objects, analyze motion + color

• borders = parietal-occipital sulcus

Question 5

Lateral Sulcus

Answer 5

separates frontal/parietal + temporal lobe

Question 6

Central Sulcus

Answer 6

separates frontal + parietal lobe

Question 7

Precentral Gyrus

Answer 7

primary motor cortex … precise, contralateral control of movements

Question 8

Postcentral Gyrus

Answer 8

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 9

Angular Gyrus

Answer 9

spatial cognition, language, attention, number processing, memory retrieval, social cognition, conflict resolution

• inferior parietal lobe

Question 10

Interhemispheric Fissure

Answer 10

• separates R/L cerebral hemispheres through falx cerebri
• connects brain through corpus callosum

Question 11

Parieto-occipital Fissure

Answer 11

separates parietal + occipital lobe

Question 12

Cingulate Gyrus

Answer 12

regulate emotions and neuropathic pain

Question 13

Frontal Pole

Answer 13

most anterior portion of frontal lobe

Question 14

Occipital Pole

Answer 14

most posterior portion of occipital lobe

Question 15

Temporal Pole

Answer 15

most anterior + inferior portion of temporal lobe

Question 16

Corpus Callosum

Answer 16

primary commissural area consisting of white matter tracts that connect R + L cerebral hemispheres

Question 17

Uncus

Answer 17

olfaction, emotions, new memories

Question 18

Parahippocampal Gyrus

Answer 18

spatial memory, navigation, “way-finding”

• cortical region surrounding hippocampus

Question 19

Occipitotemporal Gyrus

Answer 19

higher visual processing … facial recognition, object perception, reading, memory

Question 20

Internal Capsule

Answer 20

• communication b/w cerebral cortex + brainstem
• necessary for physical movement and perception of sensory information

Question 21

Internal Capsule - Anterior Limb

Answer 21

thalamic + brainstem fibers from prefrontal cortex regions associated w/ emotion, motivation, cognition, and decision-making

Question 22

Internal Capsule - Posterior Limb

Answer 22

corticospinal fibers + some sensory … leg, trunk, arm, face (LTAF)

Question 23

Corona Radiata

Answer 23

• white matter tracts that carry messages to and from body (afferent + efferent)
• at level of lateral ventricles
• superiorly = continuous w/ centrum semiovale
• inferiorly = converge as internal capsule

Question 24

Centrum Semiovale

Answer 24

• contains association, commissural, and projection fibers
• balance, reflect, think
• superior to lateral ventricles + corpus callosum

Question 25

Motor Cortex

Answer 25

planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements (contralateral fractionated movement) - frontal lobe, precentral gyrus

Question 26

Premotor Cortex

Answer 26

- prepares + executes movements of trunk + limbs through coordination in choosing appropriate movement - external cues ... anticipatory postural adjustments - anterior + lateral to primary motor cortex

Question 27

Supplemental Motor Cortex

Answer 27

- initiation of movement, orientation planning, control/planning of bilateral + sequential movements - internal cues - anterior + medial to primary motor cortex

Question 28

Broca's Area

Answer 28

motor production of speech - located in inferior frontal gyrus

Question 29

Wernicke's Area

Answer 29

speech comprehension - located in posterior upper temporal lobe

Question 30

Visual Cortex

Answer 30

receives, integrates, and processes visual information relayed from retinas - in occipital lobe near lateral sulcus

Question 31

Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 31

intensity of light, shape, size, location, and movement of objects - w/in calcarine sulcus and adjacent gyri

Question 32

Secondary Visual Cortex

Answer 32

motion, color, recognition of visual objects, visual spatial relationships, control of visual fixation (via output to superior colliculus)

Question 33

Auditory Cortex

Answer 33

processes auditory information - in superior temporal gyrus

Question 34

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 34

conscious discrimination of loudness + pitch (intensity) - w/in lateral fissure and superior temporal lobe

Question 35

Secondary Auditory Cortex

Answer 35

contrasts sounds heard from memories and categorizes/classifies them

Question 36

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 36

temperature, proprioception, touch, texture, pain - postcentral gyrus

Question 37

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 37

discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects - w/in central sulcus + postcentral gyrus

Question 38

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 38

- stereognosis, memory of tactile + spatial environment - integrates tactile + proprioceptive information obtained from manipulating an object

Question 39

Vestibular Cortex

Answer 39

head position + movement, spatial orientation, perception of vertical - w/in posterior end of lateral fissure in parieto-insular cortex

Question 40

Hippocampus

Answer 40

declarative memory

Question 41

Insula

Answer 41

limbic function, auditory processing, emotion

Question 42

Amygdala

Answer 42

emotions + motivation - nucleus in temporal lobe

Question 43

Fornix

Answer 43

- white matter bundle connecting hippocampus w/ hypothalamus - part of declarative memory system