P2 Chapter 14 BRAIN & NERVES Flashcards by Christie AA

The pyramids are located in the

a. medulla oblongata
b. thalamus
c. hypothalamus
d. cerebellum

a. medulla oblongata

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The arbor vitae is the white matter of the

a. cerebrum
b. medulla oblongata
c. cerebellum
d. pons

a. cerebrum

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Which of the following is true concerning the transverse fissure?

a. It separates the cerebral hemispheres and contains the corpus callosum
b. It separates the cerebral hemispheres and contains the falx cerebri
c. It separates the cerebrum and cerebellum and contains the falx cerebelli
d. It separates the cerebrum and cerebellum and contains the tentorium cerebelli

d. It separates the cerebrum and cerebellum and contains the tentorium cerebelli

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The muscles that move the eye (extrinsic muscles) are innervated by which cranial nerves?

a. I, II, III
b. IV, V, VI
c. III, IV, VI
d. VIII, IX, X

c. III, IV, VI

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Cerebrospinal fluid

a. is produced by the arachnoid villi
b. enters the central subarachnoid space through the cerebral aqueduct
c. is produced by the choroid plexus
d. All of these

c. is produced by the choroid plexus

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If a patient is having difficulty seeing, you might expect problems with the

a. occipital cortex
b. cerebellum
c. limbic system
d. pons

a. occipital cortex

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The primary motor area of the brain is in the

a. temporal cortex
b. frontal cortex
c. medulla oblongata
d. pons

b. frontal cortex

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The folds on the surface of the cerebral cortex of the brain are called

a. corpus callosum
b. sulci
c. falx cerebri
d. gyri

d. gyri

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Shallow grooves on the surface of the brain are called

a. fissures
b. sulci
c. gyri
d. convolutions

b. sulci

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Visual stimuli are interpreted in which lobe of the brain?

a. occipital
b. frontal
c. temporal
d. cerebellum

a. occipital

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If Broca’s area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of

a. eyesight
b. muscular control of the eyes
c. speech
d. emotions

c. speech

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The central sulcus

a. separates the frontal and temporal lobes
b. separates the frontal and parietal lobes
c. separates the cerebellum and cerebrum
d. contains the falx cerebri

b. separates the frontal and parietal lobes

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Which of the following indicates the correct order in which cranial nerves originate from the base of the brain?

a. optic, olfactory, trigeminal, trochlear, ophthalmic
b. olfactory, ophthalmic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal
c. olfactory, optic, trochlear, trigeminal, facial
d. olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal

d. olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal

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Loss of the sense of smell could result from injury to which cranial nerve?

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. XI

a. I

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The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements is the

a. cerebrum
b. brain stem
c. cerebellum
d. corpus callosum

c. cerebellum

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The cranial meninges

a. line ventricles of the brain
b. filter blood
c. are hollow spaces within the brain
d. cover the brain

d. cover the brain

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The principle relay station for sensory impulses as they pass to the cerebral cortexis is the

a. corpus callosum
b. hypothalamus
c. infundibulum
d. thalamus

d. thalamus

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The cerebral aqueduct

a. drains venous blood into the superior sagittal sinus
b. connects the second and third ventricles
c. passes through the midbrain
d. drains CSF from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space

c. passes through the midbrain

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The hypothalamus is located in the

a. frontal cerebral cortex
b. cerebellum
c. optic chiasma
d. diencephalon

d. diencephalon

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Which of the following are most closely related anatomically?

a. fissures and sulci
b. cranial nerves and the cerebral cortex
c. the cerebellum and the cauda equina
d. the dura mater and ventricles

a. fissures and sulci

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The corpus callosum is a bridge of __ fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

a. commissural
b. projection
c. sensory
d. motor

a. commissural

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The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the __ lobe

a. frontal
b. parietal
c. temporal
d. occipital

b. parietal

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The uppermost (most superior) part of the brain is the

a. medulla oblongata
b. cerebellum
c. thalamus
d. cerebrum

d. cerebrum

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The superior sagittal sinus is a space between the cerebral hemispheres surrounded by which meningeal layer?

a. dura mater
b. arachnoid
c. pia mater
d. falx cerebri

a. dura mater

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The first and second (lateral) ventricles are surrounded by which part of the brain? a. cerebrum b. thalamus c. cerebellum d. medulla oblongata

a. cerebrum

The choroid plexuses are located in the a. dura mater of the brain b. cerebral aqueduct and the central canal of the spinal cord c. ventricles of the brain d. subarachnoid space and the arachnoid villi

c. ventricles of the brain

The cerebrospinal fluid a. forms very slowly, only about a milliliter per day b. is the only source of oxygen to the brain c. is never exchanged with the other fluids of the body d. is reabsorbed as rapidly as it is formed, about 20 mL/hr

d. is reabsorbed as rapidly as it is formed, about 20 mL/hr

The blood-brain barrier is created by tight junction seals around brain capillaries formed by the a. oligodendrocytes b. astrocytes c. CNS neurons d. pia mater

b. astrocytes

The principal motor fibers that decussate in the medulla originate in the a. thalamus b. cerebellum c. pons d. cerebral cortex

d. cerebral cortex

The region in the brain stem responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep is the a. thalamus b. pyramids c. reticular activating system d. limbic system

c. reticular activating system

Projection fibers connect a. the brain to the spinal cord b. regions of the same hemisphere of the cerebral cortex c. one side of the cerebral cortex to the opposite side d. the pons to the cerebellum

a. the brain to the spinal cord

The basal ganglia control a. emotions b. large automatic movements of the skeletal muscles c. reflex movements associated with sight and hearing d. heart rate and rhythmicity of breathing

b. large automatic movements of the skeletal muscles

The part of the limbic system that functions with the cerebrum in the process of memory is the a. olfactory bulbs b. mammillary bodies c. hippocampus d. amygdala

c. hippocampus

A region located on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe receives impulses relating to a. taste b. vision c. smell d. hearing

c. smell

The primary auditory area is located in the a. frontal lobe b. parietal lobe c. occipital lobe d. temporal lobe

d. temporal lobe

The region of the cerebral cortex that allows you to determine the exact shape and texture of an object without looking at it is the a. primary motor area b. somatosensory association area c. premotor area d. visual association area

b. somatosensory association area

Which electroencephalogram brain waves indicate emotional stress? a. alpha waves b. beta waves c. theta waves d. delta waves

c. theta waves

The region of the brain that helps to control equilibrium is the a. cerebellum b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. pons

a. cerebellum

In the brain, norepinephrine is responsible for a. inhibition of nerve impulses b. maintaining arousal (awakening from sleep) c. inactivating acetylcholine d. gross automatic movements of the skeletal muscles

b. maintaining arousal (awakening from sleep)

The endorphins and enkephalins function in the brain as a. natural painkillers b. aiding in transmission of motor impulses to muscles c. inactivators of the biogenic amines d. inducers of sleep

a. natural painkillers

The oculomotor nerve originates in the a. midbrain b. pons c. medulla oblongata d. spinal cord

a. midbrain

A cranial nerve containing only sensory fibers is the a. trochlear nerve b. facial nerve c. vestibulocochlear nerve d. vagus nerve

c. vestibulocochlear nerve

A portion of cranial nerve ____ actually originates from the spinal cord a. XI (accessory nerve) b. X (vagus nerve) c. IX (glossopharyngeal) d. XII (hypoglossal)

a. XI (accessory nerve)

The neural crest is a mass of tissue between the neural tube and the skin ectoderm that develops into a. posterior (dorsal) root ganglia of the spinal nerves b. dura mater surrounding the brain c. sensory nerve cells imbedded in the skeletal muscles d. gray matter of the spinal cord

a. posterior (dorsal) root ganglia of the spinal nerves

The most common brain disorder is a. Alzheimer's disease b. multiple sclerosis c. a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) d. a brain tumor

c. a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

The brain and spinal cord develop from the _____ neural tube. a) mesodermal b) endodermal c) ectodermal d) cranial e) caudal

c) ectodermal

Which brain vesicle gives rise to the midbrain and cerebral aqueduct? a) Prosencephalon b) Mesencephalon c) Rhombencephalon d) Telencephalon e) Myelencephalon

b) Mesencephalon

Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain? a) Brain stem b) Cerebellum c) Cauda equina d) Diencephalon e) Cerebrum

c) Cauda equina

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain? a) Brain stem b) Cerebrum c) Cerebellum d) Diencephalon e) Dura mater

a) Brain stem

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus? a) Cerebellum b) Brain stem c) Cerebrum d) Diencephalon e) Dura mater

d) Diencephalon

Which of the following meninges has two layers? a) Spinal dura mater b) Cranial dura mater c) Spinal arachnoid mater d) Cranial arachnoid mater e) All of these choices

b) Cranial dura mater

Which extension of the dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum? a) Falx cerebri b) Falx cerebelli c) Tentorium cerebelli d) Tentorium cerebri e) None of these choices

a) Falx cerebri

Which of the following structures protect the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue? a) Dura mater b) Arachnoid mater c) Cerebrospinal fluid d) Blood brain barrier e) All of these choices

d) Blood brain barrier

Cerebrospinal fluid carries small amounts of chemicals like glucose from the _____ to neurons and neuroglia. a) interstitial fluid b) bile c) intracellular fluid d) arachnoid space e) blood

e) blood

Which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum? a) Lateral ventricle b) Septum pellucidum c) Fourth ventricle d) Third ventricle e) Corpus callosum

a) Lateral ventricle

Which of the following is a narrow fluid-filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus? a) Lateral ventricle b) Septum pellucidum c) Third ventricle d) Fourth ventricle e) Fifth ventricle

c) Third ventricle

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Mechanical protection 2. pH homeostasis 3. Circulation a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) Both 1 and 2 e) All of these choices

e) All of these choices

Which of the following are networks of capillaries that produce cerebrospinal fluid and are found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain? a) Choroid plexuses b) Lateral apertures c) Interventricular foramina d) Brachial plexuses e) Aqueduct of the midbrain

a) Choroid plexuses

Which fingerlike projections found in the dural venous sinuses reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid? a) Choroid plexuses b) Microvilli c) Arachnoid villi d) Dural villi e) Lemnisci

c) Arachnoid villi

Which of the following disorders is the most common brain disorder? a) Transient ischemic attack b) Alzheimer’s disease c) Cerebrovascular accident d) Brain tumor e) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

c) Cerebrovascular accident

Which brain structure is responsible for the “startle reflex” in response to loud sounds? a) Superior colliculus b) Inferior colliculus c) Pontine nucleus d) Medial lemniscus e) Arbor vitae

b) Inferior colliculus

Which region of the brain contains the pontine respiratory group and apneustic areas that help control respiration? a) Spinal cord b) Midbrain c) Pons d) Thalamus e) Cerebellum

c) Pons

Pyramids are a) gray matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata. b) white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata. c) gray matter protrusions found on the pons. d) white matter protrusions found on the pons. e) a network of white and gray matter found in the medulla oblongata.

b) white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata

Which region of the brain contains the inferior olivary nucleus? a) Pons b) Medulla oblongata c) Pyramids d) Hypothalamus e) Midbrain

b) Medulla oblongata

Which of the following is a branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve? a) Opthalmic nerve b) Maxillary nerve c) Mandibular nerve d) All of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve e) None of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve

d) All of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve

Which of the following is a nucleus found in the medulla oblongata that receives sensory information associated with touch, pressure and vibration? a) Tectum b) Superior colliculus c) Substantia nigra d) Pontine nucleus e) Gracile nucleus

e) Gracile nucleus

Which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine? a) Substantia nigra b) Inferior olivary nucleus c) Inferior colliculus d) Cerebral peduncle e) pontine nucleus

a) Substantia nigra

Which portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance? a) Tentorium cerebelli b) Anterior lobe c) Posterior lobe d) Flocculonodular lobe e) Transverse fissure

d) Flocculonodular lobe

The cerebellar cortex consists of folia, which are a) parallel folds of white matter. b) found in the vermis only. c) portions of the pyramids. d) parallel folds of gray matter. e) used in the RAS system.

d) parallel folds of gray matter.

Which structure carries sensory information coming from proprioceptors found in the trunk and limbs into the cerebellum? a) Inferior cerebellar peduncle b) Middle cerebellar peduncle c) Superior cerebellar peduncle d) Anterior lobe e) Posterior lobe

a) Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Which region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem? a) Thalamus b) Hypothalamus c) Epithalamus d) Pons e) Midbrain

a) Thalamus

Which of the following are NOT controlled by the hypothalamus? a) Hunger b) Thirst c) Blood calcium concentration d) Emotional behavior e) Body temperature

c) Blood calcium concentration

Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus? a) Posterior pituitary gland b) Anterior pituitary gland c) Thymus gland d) Pancreas e) Pineal gland

b) Anterior pituitary gland

Which region of the brain contains the pineal gland? a) Thalamus b) Cerebellum c) Hypothalamus d) Cerebrum e) Epithalalmus

c) Hypothalamus

During brain development, the gyri of the cerebrum are formed because a) the white matter enlarges faster than the overlying gray matter. b) the cerebrum grows faster than the dura mater. c) the hypothalamus is larger than the epithalamus. d) the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter. e) the lobes of the cerebrum are not symmetrical.

d) the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter

Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum? a) Association tracts b) Corpus callosum c) Projection tracts d) Pyramids e) Sulci

b) Corpus callosum

Together the lentiform and caudate nuclei are known as the a) globus pallidus. b) putamen. c) medial geniculate nucleus. d) corpus striatum. e) internal capsule.

d) corpus striatum.

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature? a) Broca’s area b) Primary visual area c) Common integrative area d) Prefrontal cortex area e) Primary somatosensory area

e) Primary somatosensory area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision? a) Broca’s area b) Primary visual area c) Common integrative area d) Primary olfactory area e) Primary somatosensory area

b) Primary visual area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body? a) Broca’s area b) Primary visual area c) Somatosensory association area d) Primary motor area e) Primary somatosensory area

d) Primary motor area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech? a) Broca’s area b) Primary gustatory area c) Common integrative area d) Prefrontal cortex area e) Primary somatosensory area

a) Broca’s area

Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of the cerebrum? a) olfactory (I) nerve (cranial nerve I) b) trigeminal (V) nerve (cranial nerve V) c) abducens (VI) nerve (cranial nerve VI) d) vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve (cranial nerve VIII) e) vagus (X) nerve (cranial nerve X)

a) olfactory (I) nerve (cranial nerve I)

Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball? a) optic (II) nerve, oculomotor (III) nerve, and trochlear (IV) nerve b) olfactory (I) nerve, trigeminal (V) nerve, and vagus (X) nerve c) oculomotor (III) nerve, glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, and trigeminal (V) nerve d) oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve e) vagus (X) nerve, accessory (XI) nerve, and hypoglossal (XII) nerve

d) oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve

Cranial nerve V is also known as the _____ nerve. a) trochlear b) oculomotor c) trigeminal d) vagus e) abducens

c) trigeminal

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity? a) Oculomotor b) Trigeminal c) Spinal accessory d) Facial e) Vagus

e) Vagus

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions? a) Oculomotor b) Trigeminal c) Spinal accessory d) Facial e) Vagus

d) Facial

Hand preference when writing or throwing is an example of a) cranial nerve damage. b) hemispheric lateralization. c) damage to the olfactory nerve. d) damage to the Broca’s area. e) None of these choices.

b) hemispheric lateralization

Patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words). This is an example of a) apraxia. b) delirium. c) cerebral lacerations. d) hemispheric lateralization. e) decussations.

d) hemispheric lateralization.

) An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by a) neurons in the pons. b) neurons in the medulla oblongata. c) neurons in the thalamus. d) neurons in the cerebral cortex. e) neurons in the cerebellum.

d) neurons in the cerebral cortex.

This type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping. a) Alpha waves b) Beta waves c) Theta waves d) Delta waves. e) All of the selections are correct

b) Beta waves

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called a) alpha waves. b) beta waves. c) theta waves. d) delta waves. e) P waves.

b) beta waves.

Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called a) alpha waves. b) beta waves. c) theta waves. d) delta waves. e) P waves.

d) delta waves.

Blood flows to the brain through the _____ arteries and away from the brain through the _____ vein. a) internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular b) external carotid and vertebral; external jugular c) internal jugular and vertebral; internal carotid d) internal carotid and axillary; internal jugular e) external jugular and axillary; external jugular

a) internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics? a) Processes of astrocytes wrap tightly around capillaries in the brain. b) Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. c) Gap junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. d) Spot desmosomes tightly link capillary endothelial cells together. e) The basement membrane of capillaries in the brain contains extremely small pores.

b) Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain.

A deep indentation found along the medial plane that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the a) septum pellucidum. b) transverse fissure. c) tentorium cerebelli. d) corpus callosum. e) longitudinal fissure

e) longitudinal fissure

The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the a) two cerebral hemispheres. b) frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. c) frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. d) parietal lobe from the temporal lobe. e) temporal lobe from the occipital lobe.

b) frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.

Which lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface? a) occipital lobe b) temporal lobe c) parietal lobe d) insula e) corpus callosum

d) insula

Which of the following types of tracts are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere? a) Association tracts b) Commissural tracts c) Projection tracts d) Mammillothalamic tracts e) Stria medullaris

a) Association tracts

Which three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements? a) red nuclei b) vestibular nuclei c) lateral olivary nuclei d) basal nuclei e) autonomic ganglia

d) basal nuclei

) Damage to which portion of the limbic system results in loss of memory of recent events and difficulty committing anything new to memory? a) amygdala b) dentate gyrus c) cingulate gyrus d) hippocampus e) septal nuclei

d) hippocampus

A common type of disabling senile dementia that affects about 11% of the population over 65 and results in loss of reasoning and ability to care for oneself, is called a) agnosia. b) prosopagnosia. c) Alzheimer disease. d) transient ischemic attack syndrome. e) amylotrophic lateral sclerosis.

c) Alzheimer disease.

Which cranial nerve in the diagram is involved with speech and swallowing and has a purely motor function? a) Vagus (X) Nerve b) Trigeminal (V) Nerve c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve d) facial (VII) Nerve

b) Trigeminal (V) Nerve

Which cranial nerve in the diagram causes heart rate to decrease? a) Vagus (X) Nerve b) Trigeminal (V) Nerve c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve d) facial (VII) Nerve

a) Vagus (X) Nerve

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in stimulating secretion of saliva? a) Vagus (X) Nerve b) Trigeminal (V) Nerve c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve d) facial (VII) Nerve

c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram by shingles or Lyme disease produces Bell’s palsy? a) Vagus (X) Nerve b) Trigeminal (V) Nerve c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve d) facial (VII) Nerve

d) facial (VII) Nerve

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in the secretion of saliva and tears? a) Vagus (X) Nerve b) Trigeminal (V) Nerve c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve d) facial (VII) Nerve

d) facial (VII) Nerve

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram will cause the inability of an eyeball to move laterally beyond the midpoint? a) Vagus (X) Nerve b) Trigeminal (V) Nerve c) Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), and Abducens (VI) Nerves d) facial (VII) Nerve