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Clin Path > P25 - Body Cavity Effusions > Flashcards

P25 - Body Cavity Effusions Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

which species is fluid in peritoneal cavity normal

A
  • horses
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2
Q

which species is fluid in peritoneal cavity abnormal

A
  • small animals
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3
Q

microscopic exams of fluids

A
  • direct smear for turbid

- sediment smears for clear fluids

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4
Q

pure transudates gross appearance

A
  • clear
  • colorless
  • watery
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5
Q

pure transudate protein concentration

A
  • low (<2g)
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6
Q

pure transudate TNCC

A
  • low (1.5)
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7
Q

pure transudate microscopic exam

A
  • small mixed cell population
  • macrophages, lymphocytes
  • mesothelial cells
  • few non-degenerate neutrophils
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8
Q

positive or negative net pressure at arteriole end

A
  • positive

- forces nutrients, oxygen into tissues

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9
Q

positive or negative net pressure at venous end

A
  • negative

- suctions waste products into capillary

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10
Q

decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to low what

A
  • albumin
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11
Q

underlying mechanism for pure transudates

A
  • decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to low albumin
  • increased hydraulic pressure
  • obstruction to lymphatic flow
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12
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates gross appearance

A
  • serosanguinous

- hazy or bloody

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13
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates protein concentration

A
  • high (>2g)
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14
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates TNCC

A
  • 1.0-7
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15
Q

obstructive (modified) transudates microscopic exam

A
  • larger mixed cell population
  • mostly non-degenerate neutrophils
  • some macrophages, lymphocytes
  • some reactive mesothelial cells
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16
Q

2 conditions to think about for increased hydraulic (hydrostatic) pressure

A
  • hepatic congestion

- congestive heart failure

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17
Q

exudates gross appearance

A
  • trubid or bloody
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18
Q

exudates protein concentration

A
  • high (>3.5)
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19
Q

exudates TNCC

A
  • high (>8)
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20
Q

exudates microscopic exam

A
  • mixed cell population
  • non-degenerate neutrophils
  • degenerate neutrophils
  • some macrophages, lymphocytes
  • some reactive mesothelial cells
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21
Q

underlying mechanisms for exudates (2)

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A
  • increased vascular permeability due to cytokines

- increased hydraulic pressure

22
Q

normal mesothelial cells occur in

Study These Flashcards
A
  • clusters/sheets and line body cavities and internal organs
23
Q

reactive mesothelial cells features

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A
  • basophilic cytoplasm

- binucleated

24
Q

mechanism of reactive mesothelial cells (2)

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A
  • chronic irritation by inflammatory effusions

- chronic irritation by neoplastic effusions

25
FIP gross appearance
- yellow
26
FIP protein concentration
- very high (3.5-8.5)
27
FIP TNCC
- variable (1.5-10)
28
FIP microscopic exam
- neutrophils | - macrophages
29
bile peritonitis cause
- rupture of biliary duct system, liver or intestine
30
bile peritonitis gross appearance
- greenish-brown
31
bile peritonitis protein concentration
- high
32
bile peritonitis TNCC
- high
33
bile peritonitis microscopic exam
- neutrophils | - macrophages
34
uroperitoneum cause
- rupture of urinary bladder, urethra, ureters or kidneys
35
uroperitoneum gross appearance
- serosanguinous | - smells like pee
36
uroperitoneum protein concentration
- variable
37
uroperitoneum TNCC
- variable
38
uroperitoneum microscopic exam
- transudate to exudate
39
hemoperitoneum or hemothorax accumulation of blood within peritoneal cavity
- hemorrhagic effusion | - caused by splenic rupture, warfarin
40
hemoperitoneum or hemothorax gross appearance
- blood-like | - does not clot (platelets absent)
41
hemoperitoneum or hemothorax protein concentration
- variable
42
hemoperitoneum or hemothorax TNCC
- variable
43
chylous effusion is accumulation of
- milk-like fluid in thoracic cavity | - lympharrhagic effusion
44
chylous effusion gross appearance
- white
45
chylous effusion protein concentration
- variable
46
chylous effusion TBCC
- variable
47
chylous effusion microscopic exam
- small mature lymphocytes
48
chylous effusion cause
- leakage from thoracic duct | - persistent chyle can irritate pleural membranes and lead to pseudochyle
49
neoplastic effusion gross appearance
- bloody | - turbid
50
neoplastic effusion inflammatory exudate
- initially protein-rich transudate - high protein concentration >3.5g - high TNCC > 10
51
neoplastic effusion microscopic exam
- criteria for malignancy | - inflammatory cells

Clin Path (43 decks)

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