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Clin Path > P29 - Proteins > Flashcards

P29 - Proteins Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

proteins are made by what (2)

A
  • liver

- lymphatics

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2
Q

albumin is about what % of total proteins

A
  • 50%
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3
Q

how are globulins calculated

A
  • total proteins minus albumin %
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4
Q

why would total protein be higher in plasma than in serum

A
  • because of fibrinogen -> fibrin
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5
Q

changes in [total protein] are usually due to changes in what

A
  • albumin and 1 or more of the globulin concentrations
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6
Q

what plasma protein plays a major role in oncotic pressure

what is it’s trend

A
  • albumin

- as albumin increases -> oncotic pressure increases

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7
Q

takes longer for hypoalbuminemia to develop when albumin production decreases in what species

A
  • horses

- 1/2 life is 3 weeks

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8
Q

type of proteins that change in production soon after onset of inflammation

A
  • acute-phase
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9
Q

plasma proteins that increase production within hours of onset of inflammation

A
  • positive acute-phase proteins
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10
Q

examples of positive acute phase proteins (2)

A
  • fibrinogen

- haptoglobin

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11
Q

plasma proteins that decrease production within hours to weeks of onset of inflammation

A
  • negative acute-phase proteins
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12
Q

examples of negative acute phase proteins (2)

A
  • transferrin

- albumin

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13
Q

delayed-response proteins

A
  • immunoglobulins (produced by lymphocytes)

- changes in concentrations occurs 1-3 weeks after inflammation

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14
Q

interferences for [TP] of refractometry (5)

A
  • increase [glucose]
  • increase [urea]
  • increase [Na and Cl]
  • lipemia
  • excess EDTA in blood (short samples)
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15
Q

what does not interfere with [TP] for refractometry

A
  • bilirubin
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16
Q

Bromocresol green (BCG) for [albumin] will sometimes bind

A
  • globulins
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17
Q

diseases and conditions of hyperfibrinogenemia (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • increased fibrinogen production
  • inflammation
  • hemoconcentration (dehydration)
18
Q

disease and conditions of hypofibrinogenemia (7)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • increased fibrinogen consumption
  • intravascular coagulation
  • increased fibrinogenolysis
  • decreased synthesis of fibrinogen
  • hepatic insufficiency
  • afibringoenemia
  • DIC
19
Q

dysproteinemia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • abnormal protein concentration
20
Q

what proteins are affected in nonselective dysproteinemia

21
Q

what proteins are affected in selective dysproteinemia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • some affected, some not
22
Q

dehydration protein trend

Study These Flashcards
A
  • increase concentration of all proteins -> increase [TP]
23
Q

hemodilution protein trend

Study These Flashcards
A
  • decrease concentration of all proteins -> decrease [TP]
24
Q

chronic inflammation protein trend

Study These Flashcards
A
  • decrease [albumin]

- increase [globulins]

25
protein-losing nephropathy protein trend
- decrease [albumin] | - not all globulin concentrations decreased
26
hyperproteinemia caused by 3 things
- dehydration - inflammation - B-lymphocyte neoplasm
27
pathogenesis of dehydration causing hyperproteinemia
- decreased plasma water - increase concentration of all plasma proteins - hemoconcentration
28
inflammation acute phase response
- mild increase [TP] | - increase globulins (positive acute-phase proteins)
29
inflammation delayed phase response
- mild to marked increase [TP] - increase [TP] with increase globulins and decreased albumin - polyclonal gammopathy
30
b-lymphocyte neoplasm
- decreased albumin - produce Ig - monoclonal (narrow-based region)
31
hypoproteinemia caused by 2 basic mechanisms
- increase protein loss from vessels | - decreased protein production by liver
32
diseases and conditions that cause increase protein loss from vascular space (5)
- blood loss - protein-losing nephropathy - protein-losing enteropathy - protein-losing dermatopathy (burn patient) - extravasation of plasma proteins (2nd or 3rd space)
33
diseases and conditions that cause decreased protein synthesis (3)
- hepatic insufficiency - malabsorption of maldigestion - cachectic states (neoplasia, chronic disease)
34
pathogenesis of blood loss causing increased protein loss
- decrease blood volume - > H2O shifts from extravascular to intravascular space - > hemodilution -> hypoproteinemia & anemia
35
protein-losing nephropathy causing increased protein loss
- albumin and smaller globulins pass through porous glomeruli (larger remain in plasma) - > proteinuria - > hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia (selective)
36
protein-losing enteropathy causing increased protein loss
- increase rate of proteins entering intestine & not resorbed (albumin & most globulins) - > hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia & decreased [globulins] (nonselective)
37
protein-losing dermatopathy (burn patient) causing increased protein loss
- plasma proteins oozing out of blood vessels (albumin & globulins) - > hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia & decreased [globulins] (nonselective)
38
later protein-losing dermatopathy (burn patient) will lead to
- increased globulins and inflammatory dysproteinemia
39
extravasation of plasma proteins (2nd or 3rd space) causing increased protein loss
- plasma oozes out of blood vessels (albumin & globulins) - > H2O enters ECF to dilute proteins - > hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia & decreased [globulins] (nonselective)
40
hepatic insufficiency causing decreased production of protein production
- decrease production of albumin & most globulins - hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia (selective) - gamma- globulins not decreased - but total may be
41
malabsorption of maldigestion decreased production of protein production
- decrease intake of nutrients (eating but starving) - too few amino acids for protein production - hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia & decreased globulins (nonselective)
42
cachectic states (malignancies, chronic disease) decreased production of protein production
- decrease intake of nutrients (anorexia) - decrease protein production or - increased protein degradation exceeds production - hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia & decreased [globulins] (nonselective)

Clin Path (43 decks)

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