Pacific - Terminal Procedures Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are ATC Category C Approach Speeds?
Initial = 160-240kt
Final = 115-160kt
Circling = 180kt
Missed Approach = 240kt
What are the ATC Category D Approach Speeds?
Initial = 185-250kt
Final = 130-185kt
Circling = 205kt
Missed Approach = 265kt
What are the holding speed and time limitations?
Up to FL140 = 230kt and 1min (Turbulence with ATC approval 280kt)
Above FL140 to FL200 = 240kt and 1.5min (Turbulence with ATC approval lesser 280kt or M0.83)
Above FL200 to FL340 = 265kt and 1.5min (Turbulence with ATC approval lesser 280kt or M0.83)
Above FL340 = M0.83 and 1.5min (Turbulence remains M0.83)
What is the requirement departing a holding pattern?
Jet aircraft in CTA to leave hold at 250kt, on time or up to 1min early
When is a descent permitted for instrument procedure with no reversal (straight-in)?
IAP entry requirements satisfied, and
If Navaid – crossed the fix/facility
If Area Navigation – crossed the fix and established on specified
track, not below the specified height for the segment
What are the reversal entry requirements?
Tracking to fix/facility within 30deg either side of outbound track (for base turn this includes up to the reciprocal of the inbound track)
45/180 and 80/260 can be used interchangeably unless explicitly stated otherwise
Where direct entry cannot be made, entry must be made in accordance with holding entry requirements
When is a descent permitted for instrument procedure with reversal?
Outbound – crossed the fix and either established on outbound or turning onto a heading to intercept
Inbound – established on the inbound track
Established refers to 1/2 scale LOC/VOR/GNSS, 5deg NDB, 2nm of DME arc
What are the entry requirements for joining DME arc?
Not below MSA or appropriate Sector of DME/GNSS
Join at or before the IAF
When can you manoeuvre to align with centreline when following an instrument approach?
Within circling area
Visual reference can be maintained
Continuously in sight of ground/water
What are the requirements for “visual reference”?
Threshold or approach lights or marking identifiable with landing runway
Runway approaches - visibility or RVR not below that specified for procedure
Circling approaches - clear of cloud, in sight ground/water and visibility or RVR not below that specified for circling
When can you descend below the straight-in MDA?
Visual reference can be maintained
All elements of the meteorological minima are equal to or greater than that of the aircraft performance category
Continuously in a position where a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made using normal rates of descent and manoeuvres that will allow touchdown to occur within the touchdown zone of the runway intended for landing
When is a missed approach required?
Final segment - outside navigation tolerance
Below MSA and aid fails or is suspect
No visual reference at or before MDA/DA - Unable to effect landing unless circling and weather conditions above circling minima
Unable to effect a landing from a runway approach, unless a circling approach can be conducted in conditions at or above those specified for a circling approach
Loss of visual reference when circling
What are the restrictions on a no-circling area?
Not permitted at night
Not permitted by day in less than VMC
Due to prominent obstacle
What does the circling MDA provide?
Obstacle clearance when within the circling area
Charts may not depict the entire circling area or highest spot heights, so use of topographic maps is required
What is the circling area?
Cat C – 4.2nm
Cat D – 5.28nm
When is descent permitted below the circling MDA by day?
Within circling area
Maintain required charted circling visibility along intended flight path
Maintain visual contact with landing environment
In daylight only:
Maintain visual contact with obstacles along intended flight
path
Maintains not less than the minimum charted height above
obstacles for the performance category until alignment with
landing runway
The pilot has the option when by day and obstacles can be see,
to descend below MDA at any time when within the circling area
whilst maintaining minimum obstacle clearance for
performance category until aligned with landing runway
When is descent permitted below the circling MDA by night?
Within circling area
Maintain required charted circling visibility along intended flight path
Maintain visual contact with landing environment
By day or night:
From within the circling area and above the circling MDA from a
position on downwind, base or final and continuously descend
using normal rates of descent and manoeuvres to the landing
threshold
Maintains not less than the minimum charted height above
obstacles for the performance category until alignment with
landing runway
What is the minimum height to be maintained above obstacles whilst circling?
Cat C and D – 400ft
What is the ILS tolerance?
For obstacle clearance – maintain within half scale deflection of LOC and G/S
From the FAF – full scale deflection requires a go-around
When are you not permitted to use runway visibility (RV)?
Approach:
Conditions less than CAT I i.e. CAT 1 SA, CAT II
CAT I with visibility requirements of less than 800m
Takeoff:
Low Visibility Takeoff with visibility less than 350m
When are temperature corrections required?
Temperatures less than ISA – 15deg
Corrections applied to: Procedure Altitudes (Descent Constraints, go around altitude, etc.)
MDA/DA
What is the CASR Part 91 Takeoff Minima?
800m visibility
Reduced to 550m visibility if:
Illuminated edge lighting at not less than 60m intervals
Centreline lighting or Centreline marking
Standby Lighting with switching within 1sec
If uncontrolled (CTAF or Tower inoperative) – by day only and
aerodrome must have mandatory radio carriage requirements
What is the CASR Part 91 Landing Minima?
Altitude, the higher of:
DA/MDA as per chart
That specified in Aircraft Flight Manual
That specified in operators Operations Manual or Exposition
Visibility, higher of:
RV or RVR as per chart
800m – TDZ RVR not available, or approach lighting normally
available beyond 420m is unavailable
1200m – Approach lighting normally available beyond 210m is
unavailable, or high intensity runway edge lighting not
operative, or no HUD, F/D or AP capable of flying to minima, or
no operative failure warning system of primary attitude or
heading reference system
1500m – Approach Lighting System failed
1.5 times visibility/RVR as per chart where:
Night
Less than VMC
Controlled Airport
Airport equipped with interleaved circuitry lighting
Notified of double spaced runway edge lighting from 60m to
120m
That specified in Aircraft Flight Manual
That specified in operators Operations Manual or Exposition
When must QNH be set for approach and what are acceptable sources and implications?
QNH must be set prior to IAF
Either:
Actual QNH – on approach chart
Forecast Aerodrome QNH – on approach chart
Forecast Area QNH – forecast aerodrome QNH + 50ft
