Paediatrics 👧🏾

Question 1

Speech sound disorder

Answer 1

Dysfunctional speech articulation presenting as difficulty articulating specific sounds

Question 2

Child hood onset fluency disorder

Answer 2

Dysfunction in speech fluency (stuttering

Question 3

Social communication disorder

Answer 3

Dysfunctional verbal and non-verbal communication. Unlike autism, these patients don’t have restricted interests or repetitive behaviours

Question 4

When does the Babinski reflex naturally disappear

Answer 4

One year old

Question 5

Constitutional growth delay

Answer 5

 Growth curve remains consistent, but is low. In essence it’s lagging behind the other children. NBME case. Has delayed bone age . Children will eventually reach a good height

Question 6

Familial short stature

Answer 6

 Short stature, with at least one of the parents also being short. Burnage corresponds with chronological age, puberty is not delayed. Adult height will remain low

Question 7

Main differences between constitutional gross delay and familall short stature

Answer 7

Constitutional growth delay patients have a delayed bone age, and will eventually achieve target height. FSS will have normal bone age and won’t reach target height

Question 8

On growth chart, if a patient is falling off the growth chart (crossing two major percentile lines) what does that indicate

Answer 8

Failure to thrive. Not familial short stature of constitutional growth delay

Question 9

Infants with failure to thrive will fall off the curves in which order

Answer 9

Wait, height, heads Circumference 

Question 10

Newborns lose what percent of the body weight at birth, they should regain it by how long

Answer 10

10%, then by two weeks

Question 11

Order this for female development:

Thelarche, menarche, growth spurt, pubarche

Answer 11

Thelarche, pubarche, growth spurt, menarche

Question 12

Order this for male development:

Gonadarche, growth spurt, pubarche, Adrenarche

Answer 12

Gonadarche, pubarche, adrenarche, growth spurt

Question 13

Androgen insensitivity patience. What procedure must be done

Answer 13

Removal of the gonads to prevent cancer

Question 14

Horseshoe kidney seen in which trisomy

Answer 14

 Edward

Question 15

Meckel diverticulum scene in which trisomy

Answer 15

Edward

Question 16

Which trisomy does holoprosencephaly belong to

Answer 16

patau

Question 17

Which trisomy does omphalocele belong to

Answer 17

Patau

Question 18

Polydactyl is seen in which trisomy

Answer 18

Patau

Question 19

Lymphedema in neonate can be seen in which chromosome issue

Answer 19

Turners

Question 20

If untreated Fabry. Increase risk of what

Answer 20

Thromboembolism

Question 21

Tay Sachs vs Neimann pick

Answer 21

HSmeg in Pick

Question 22

Main symptoms of meta chromatic leukod

Answer 22

Ataxia and dementia

Question 23

Exaggerated startle response

Answer 23

Tay sach

Question 24

Hereditary fructose intol

Answer 24

Aldolase def.
Hypoglycaemia, Jaundice, cirrhosis, vomiting. After eating fruit juice or honey. Lactic acidosis. Urine dipstick is negative

Question 25

Main cause of failure to thrive in cystic fibrosis

Answer 25

Pancreatic insufficiency

Question 26

APGAR

Answer 26

Activity (active 2, only flex 1, absent 0), pulse (>100 2, <100 1, absent 0), grimace (active 2, some flexion 1, flaccid 0), appearance (pink 2, blue extrem 1, blue all over 0), respiratory (vigorous 2, slow irreg 1, absent 0). 8-10 good 4-7 observe 0-4 resus

Question 27

CHARGE

Answer 27

Coloboma, heart disease, atresia of the choanae, retarded, genital hyperplasia, ear abnormality

Question 28

VACTERL syndrome

Answer 28

Vertebral, Anal, cardiac, TE, Renal, limb

Question 29

Gastroschisis is associated with what amniotic fluid issue

Answer 29

Oligohydramnios. Also elevated AFP

Question 30

Omphalocele versus gastroschisisl. Which is associated with trisomies and Beckwith Witteman. Which is associated with oligo and which is associated with polyhydramnios

Answer 30

Gastroschisis is not associated with other syndromes. And is associated with oligohydramnios. Vice versa for omphalocele

Question 31

Alagille syndrome

Answer 31

Too few bile ducts for adequate drainage. Causes CHOLESTASIS

Question 32

Jaundiced neonate, who is febrile, hypertensive and tachypnoeic needs what

Answer 32

Sepsis work up an ICU monitoring

Question 33

Lecithin : sphingoM ???

Answer 33

>2, good to go. Mature fetal lungs.

Question 34

Diagnose this neonatal rash: Onset within three days. Red pustules on the trunk and proximal extremities. Resolves in a week

Answer 34

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Question 35

Diagnose this neonatal rash: Present at birth. White, firm papules on the face. Resolves in a month

Answer 35

Millia

Question 36

Diagnose this neonatal rash: Not present at birth. History of overheating. Erythematous papules in areas of occluded eccrine sweat gland

Answer 36

Milia rubra. Can you give topical corticosteroids it’s

Question 37

Diagnose this neonatal rash: Present at birth. Diffuse non-read pustules. Eventually becoming hyperpigmented macules with a scale

Answer 37

Neonatal pustular melanosis

Question 38

Diagnose this neonatal rash: Onset around three weeks. Red papules and pustules only on the face and scalp

Answer 38

Neonatal Cephalic pustulosis (neonatal acne)

Question 39

When does neonatal abstinence syndrome kick in

Answer 39

Over 24 hours after birth, when the mothers circulatory drug load decreases in the baby

Question 40

ALL symptoms gradual or abrupt

Answer 40

Abrupt

Question 41

AML vs ALL. Which in blocks and which in whites

Answer 41

AML in blocks ALL in whites more

Question 42

Second most common place to get neuroblastoma

Answer 42

Paraspinal symp chain

Question 43

Neuroblastoma: does it doesn’t have opportunity to cross midline

Answer 43

Can cross

Question 44

Some more random signs of Neuroblastoma

Answer 44

Abdominal distension. Horners if cervicle Symp chain. Opsiclonus myoclonus. Cord compression if paraspinal. FTT, anemia and fever are rare

Question 45

WAGR syndrome

Answer 45

Wilms , aniridia , genital issues, retardation

Question 46

Horshoe kidney is associated with m which renal CA

Answer 46

Wilms

Question 47

Wilms vs Neuroblastoma

Answer 47

Wilms is smooth, stays on one side. 3-5 years old usually. NeuroB usually 2 or less years old. Can cross midline. Irregular and crosses midline more

Question 48

Ewing’s translocation

Answer 48

11:22

Question 49

Ewing’s vs osteosarcoma. Which has systemic symptoms more

Answer 49

Ewings

Question 50

Ewing’s found where in long bones

Answer 50

Diaphysis

Question 51

Single lesion of langerhan cell histeocytosis… Tx?

Answer 51

Sx resection