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USMLE Step 2 - Top 5% > Paediatrics 👧🏾 > Flashcards

Paediatrics 👧🏾 Flashcards

1
Q

Speech sound disorder

A

Dysfunctional speech articulation presenting as difficulty articulating specific sounds

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2
Q

Child hood onset fluency disorder

A

Dysfunction in speech fluency (stuttering

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3
Q

Social communication disorder

A

Dysfunctional verbal and non-verbal communication. Unlike autism, these patients don’t have restricted interests or repetitive behaviours

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4
Q

When does the Babinski reflex naturally disappear

A

One year old

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5
Q

Constitutional growth delay

A

 Growth curve remains consistent, but is low. In essence it’s lagging behind the other children. NBME case. Has delayed bone age . Children will eventually reach a good height

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6
Q

Familial short stature

A

 Short stature, with at least one of the parents also being short. Burnage corresponds with chronological age, puberty is not delayed. Adult height will remain low

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7
Q

Main differences between constitutional gross delay and familall short stature

A

Constitutional growth delay patients have a delayed bone age, and will eventually achieve target height. FSS will have normal bone age and won’t reach target height

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8
Q

On growth chart, if a patient is falling off the growth chart (crossing two major percentile lines) what does that indicate

A

Failure to thrive. Not familial short stature of constitutional growth delay

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9
Q

Infants with failure to thrive will fall off the curves in which order

A

Wait, height, heads Circumference 

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10
Q

Newborns lose what percent of the body weight at birth, they should regain it by how long

A

10%, then by two weeks

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11
Q

Order this for female development:

Thelarche, menarche, growth spurt, pubarche

A

Thelarche, pubarche, growth spurt, menarche

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12
Q

Order this for male development:

Gonadarche, growth spurt, pubarche, Adrenarche

A

Gonadarche, pubarche, adrenarche, growth spurt

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13
Q

Androgen insensitivity patience. What procedure must be done

A

Removal of the gonads to prevent cancer

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14
Q

Horseshoe kidney seen in which trisomy

A

 Edward

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15
Q

Meckel diverticulum scene in which trisomy

A

Edward

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16
Q

Which trisomy does holoprosencephaly belong to

A

patau

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17
Q

Which trisomy does omphalocele belong to

A

Patau

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18
Q

Polydactyl is seen in which trisomy

A

Patau

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19
Q

Lymphedema in neonate can be seen in which chromosome issue

A

Turners

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20
Q

If untreated Fabry. Increase risk of what

A

Thromboembolism

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21
Q

Tay Sachs vs Neimann pick

A

HSmeg in Pick

22
Q

Main symptoms of meta chromatic leukod

A

Ataxia and dementia

23
Q

Exaggerated startle response

A

Tay sach

24
Q

Hereditary fructose intol

A

Aldolase def.
Hypoglycaemia, Jaundice, cirrhosis, vomiting. After eating fruit juice or honey. Lactic acidosis. Urine dipstick is negative

25
Q

Main cause of failure to thrive in cystic fibrosis

A

Pancreatic insufficiency

26
Q

APGAR

A

Activity (active 2, only flex 1, absent 0), pulse (>100 2, <100 1, absent 0), grimace (active 2, some flexion 1, flaccid 0), appearance (pink 2, blue extrem 1, blue all over 0), respiratory (vigorous 2, slow irreg 1, absent 0).

8-10 good
4-7 observe
0-4 resus

27
Q

CHARGE

A

Coloboma, heart disease, atresia of the choanae, retarded, genital hyperplasia, ear abnormality

28
Q

VACTERL syndrome

A

Vertebral, Anal, cardiac, TE, Renal, limb

29
Q

Gastroschisis is associated with what amniotic fluid issue

A

Oligohydramnios. Also elevated AFP

30
Q

Omphalocele versus gastroschisisl. Which is associated with trisomies and Beckwith Witteman. Which is associated with oligo and which is associated with polyhydramnios

A

Gastroschisis is not associated with other syndromes. And is associated with oligohydramnios. Vice versa for omphalocele

31
Q

Alagille syndrome

A

Too few bile ducts for adequate drainage. Causes CHOLESTASIS

32
Q

Jaundiced neonate, who is febrile, hypertensive and tachypnoeic needs what

A

Sepsis work up an ICU monitoring

33
Q

Lecithin : sphingoM ???

A

> 2, good to go. Mature fetal lungs.

34
Q

Diagnose this neonatal rash:

Onset within three days. Red pustules on the trunk and proximal extremities. Resolves in a week

A

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

35
Q

Diagnose this neonatal rash:

Present at birth. White, firm papules on the face. Resolves in a month

A

Millia

36
Q

Diagnose this neonatal rash:

Not present at birth. History of overheating. Erythematous papules in areas of occluded eccrine sweat gland

A

Milia rubra. Can you give topical corticosteroids it’s

37
Q

Diagnose this neonatal rash:

Present at birth. Diffuse non-read pustules. Eventually becoming hyperpigmented macules with a scale

A

Neonatal pustular melanosis

38
Q

Diagnose this neonatal rash:

Onset around three weeks. Red papules and pustules only on the face and scalp

A

Neonatal Cephalic pustulosis (neonatal acne)

39
Q

When does neonatal abstinence syndrome kick in

A

Over 24 hours after birth, when the mothers circulatory drug load decreases in the baby

40
Q

ALL symptoms gradual or abrupt

A

Abrupt

41
Q

AML vs ALL. Which in blocks and which in whites

A

AML in blocks

ALL in whites more

42
Q

Second most common place to get neuroblastoma

A

Paraspinal symp chain

43
Q

Neuroblastoma: does it doesn’t have opportunity to cross midline

A

Can cross

44
Q

Some more random signs of Neuroblastoma

A

Abdominal distension. Horners if cervicle Symp chain. Opsiclonus myoclonus. Cord compression if paraspinal. FTT, anemia and fever are rare

45
Q

WAGR syndrome

A

Wilms , aniridia , genital issues, retardation

46
Q

Horshoe kidney is associated with m which renal CA

A

Wilms

47
Q

Wilms vs Neuroblastoma

A

Wilms is smooth, stays on one side. 3-5 years old usually.

NeuroB usually 2 or less years old. Can cross midline. Irregular and crosses midline more

48
Q

Ewing’s translocation

A

11:22

49
Q

Ewing’s vs osteosarcoma. Which has systemic symptoms more

A

Ewings

50
Q

Ewing’s found where in long bones

A

Diaphysis

51
Q

Single lesion of langerhan cell histeocytosis… Tx?

A

Sx resection

USMLE Step 2 - Top 5% (34 decks)

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