PAES 421:2009

Question 1

PAES 421:2009

Answer 1

Farm to Market Roads (Earth, Gravel, Bituminous, Concrete)

Question 2

granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, crushed and
uncrushed stone or light weight materials

Answer 2

aggregates

Question 3

the suitable material used to replace other materials removed during construction

Answer 3

backfill

Question 4

the layer of aggregate, soil-treated aggregate, treated soil, or soil aggregate that
rests upon the Subbase or if no Subbase, upon the sub-grade. Treatment may
include application of chemical-based soil additives such as soil-stabilizers and/or
any approved method

Answer 4

base course

Question 5

the suitable material used for embankments

Answer 5

borrow

Question 6

structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as
water, a highway, or a railway; having a roadway or track for carrying traffic or
other moving loads; and having an opening measured along the center of the
roadway between faces of abutments, spring lines of arches, or extreme ends of
the opening for multiple box culverts or multiple pipes that are 60 inches or more in
diameter and that have a clear distance between openings of not less than half of
the smallest pipe diameter

Answer 6

bridge

Question 7

removal and disposal of trees, vegetation or other unwanted materials from the
ground surface

Answer 7

clearing

Question 8

application of pressure to aggregates to result in a dense mass free of excessive
voids. Compaction minimizes settlement, decreases permeability and increases
strength

Answer 8

compaction

Question 9

structural component of specified thickness. It may consist of one layer or more

Answer 9

course

Question 10

drainage structure that may or may not, directly support and that extends across
and beneath a highway street, driveway, alley, arterial, or other public way

Answer 10

culvert

Question 11

product resulting from the mechanical crushing of gravel, with substantially all
fragments having at least one face resulting from fracture

Answer 11

crushed gravel

Question 12

removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches, channels and
other several structures

Answer 12

drainage

Question 13

operations connected with excavating and placing embankments with soil, earth or
rock

Answer 13

earthwork

Question 14

protection of soil from disclosing by water, wind, or other agent

Answer 14

erosion control

Question 15

act of cutting, digging, or scooping to remove material

Answer 15

excavation

Question 16

determination of the degree of compactness of the soil

Answer 16

field density test

Question 17

the embankment material placed above natural ground line

Answer 17

fill

Question 18

slope of a roadway, channel, or natural ground

Answer 18

grade

Question 19

property of a soil which describes the distribution of size groups

Answer 19

gradation

Question 20

rate of increase or decrease in the level of the land, the slope expressed in
percentage

Answer 20

gradient

Question 21

preparation of the sub-grade, in line and elevation, for application of pavement
materials including base and surfacing materials

Answer 21

grading

Question 22

removal and disposal of trees, and other unwanted materials below the ground
surface

Answer 22

grubbing

Question 23

roadway, which is divided into two (2) or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular
traffic

Answer 23

lane roadway

Question 24

form of stone, brick, concrete block, concrete, or other similar building materials
that have been bonded together with mortar to form a structure

Answer 24

masonry

Question 25

earth roadway, which one way is a clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic

Answer 25

one-lane earth road

Question 26

gravel roadway, which one way is clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic

Answer 26

one-lane gravel road

Question 27

asphalt pavement roadway, which one way is clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic

Answer 27

one-lane asphalt pavement road

Question 28

concrete roadway, which one way is clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic

Answer 28

one-lane concrete road

Question 29

quarried stone especially selected, graded and placed to prevent erosion and thereby preserve the shape of a surface, slope, or underlying structure

Answer 29

riprap

Question 30

graded portion of a highway between top and side slopes, prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure and shoulder

Answer 30

road bed

Question 31

space/location/site intended to employ traffic consideration for the transport of agricultural products

Answer 31

roadway

Question 32

travel way or crown portion of the roadway intended for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of shoulders

Answer 32

road carriageway

Question 33

lateral design width for one lane or two lanes strip of roadway

Answer 33

road carriageway width

Question 34

part of the roadway next to the traveled way or auxiliary lanes that provide lateral support of base and surface courses and is an emergency stopping area for vehicles

Answer 34

road shoulder

Question 35

saving of different existing materials from the projects which are removed and intended to be used in other construction

Answer 35

salvage materials

Question 36

written technical description of materials, equipment, construction systems, standards, and workmanship that, in conjunction with the drawings, detail the requirements for acceptable completion of the work

Answer 36

specifications

Question 37

refer to the bridges, culverts, wall, buildings, foundations, water tanks, transmission towers, cribbing, caissons or coffer dams, other similar features which may be encountered in the work and are classified as structures

Answer 37

structures

Question 38

refers to the layer of the specified or selected materials of designated thickness in a pavement structure immediately above the sub-grade and below the base course

Answer 38

Subbase course

Question 39

roadbed upon which the pavement structures is placed

Answer 39

subgrade (earth road)

Question 40

upper portion of material which act as foundation Subbase course

Answer 40

subgrade (gravel road)

Question 41

top surface of the roadbed upon which the pavement is placed

Answer 41

subgrade (bituminous, concrete road)

Question 42

vehicular and non-vehicular movement along a route such as pedestrians, vehicles, animals, etc.

Answer 42

traffic

Question 43

earth roadway, which two(2) ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffic

Answer 43

two-lane earth road

Question 44

gravel roadway, which two (2) ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffic

Answer 44

two-lane gravel road

Question 45

asphalt pavement roadway, which two ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffic

Answer 45

two-lane asphalt pavement road

Question 46

concrete pavement roadway, on which two lanes are marked for vehicular traffic

Answer 46

two-lane concrete pavement road

Question 47

a widened, unobstructed shoulder area, about 30 meters long, that may be used for emergency purposes or allow slow-moving vehicles to pull out of the carriageway to give passing opportunity to following or incoming vehicles

Answer 47

turn-out section