PNS/PAES 419:2015

Question 1

PNS/PAES 419:2015

Answer 1

Agricultural Structures – Warehouse for Bag Type Storage of Grains

Question 2

moving of air through stored grains at low airflow rates between 0.05 – 2.28 cubic meter per
minute per ton for purposes other than drying, to maintain or improve its quality

Answer 2

aeration

Question 3

storing of paddy, milled rice, corn, and other grains in bags usually made of jute,
polyethylene, and other packaging materials.

Answer 3

bag type storage

Question 4

wooden or plastic (food grade) frames used on concrete floors for stacking bags to prevent
direct contact between the grains and the floor

Answer 4

dunnage
pallet
“tarima”

Question 5

process of using chemicals to control insects in grains in a form of fumes

Answer 5

fumigation

Question 6

amount of water in the grains, expressed as percentage

Answer 6

moisture content

Question 7

rough rice
“palay”
unhulled grain of Oryza sativa, which means, grain with the glumes enclosing the kernel

Answer 7

paddy

Question 8

building used for storing paddy, milled rice and other grains in bags

Answer 8

warehouse

Question 9

In this type, ??? are formed to make standard stack of ??? size. Each block is
of the size ???. In the block, one layer is put lengthwise and other breath-wise.

Answer 9

Block stacking

six blocks
9.14m x 6m
6m x 1.5m

Question 10

Bagged grains with 14% moisture content or lower could be piled in ???. Sacks
are piled side by side and one on top of the other for appropriate pest control measures

Answer 10

Chinese method

Question 11

Bagged grains with moisture content 14.1% to 15% are to be piled in this method. This
system of stacking provides ventilation space between bags and allows circulation of
convective air currents that provide a medium for heat dissipation

Answer 11

Japanese method

Question 12

In this type bags are laid in complete length-wise or breath-wise tiers in alternate layers
systematically. The first layer will have ??? direction with 11 such rows. The
second layer of bags would be laid width-wise with ??? direction of stack with7
such rows.

Answer 12

Criss-cross stacking

11 bags in 9.14m (11)
16 bags in 9.14m (7)

Question 13

Stack height

The height of stacks shall not exceed the height of the walls and a space of at
least ??? shall be allowed between the tops of the stacks and roof frames.

Sacks made of woven polypropylene have a tendency to slide on each other,
and therefore shall not be stacked more than ??? high. Jute sacks bind together better, and
maybe stacked up to ??? above the floor.

Answer 13

1 m

3 m
6 m

Question 14

Recommended stack heights

Answer 14

Type of grain / Maximum stack height inlayers / Stack height, m
Wheat, barley and corn / 18 / 4.57
Paddy / 16 /6
Rice / 16 / 5.5

Question 15

The size of the piles should conform with fumigating sheets in situations
where warehouses cannot be made airtight. Dimensions for maximum piling should be???

Answer 15

7.3m x 21.9m x 4.5

Question 16

Recommended stacking density

Answer 16

Stacking / Density Number of bags per cubic meter

Paddy / 10
Rice / 15
Corn / 12

Question 17

Pathways

A central pathway should be ??? wide or not less than ??? wider than the width of the widest forklift trucks that are being used simultaneously during warehouse operation.

If there is a forklift or mechanical handling equipment to be used, the central pathway should be designed with a width of not less than ??? wider than the width of the widest vehicle loaded.

Answer 17

2 m
1m

0.6m

Question 18

Space between piles shall be ??? wide.

A minimum of ??? space between the edge of the pile and the wall shall be
provided.

Answer 18

1m

1m

Question 19

The recommended height between the eaves line and the floor is ??? between the
eaves line and the apex.

Answer 19

7 m and 2.5 m

Question 20

The floor shall be elevated or constructed higher than the existing ground. The floor
should be ??? above the ground to permit easy loading or unloading into trucks at the sides of
the warehouse.

Answer 20

1m

Question 21

Gravel concentrations in concrete walls, protruding brick work, horizontal planes or
rims, window sills, protruding door or window posts and other ledges should either be
avoided completely or be shedded at a minimum angle of ???.

Answer 21

60°

Question 22

A concrete strip about ??? wide shall be laid around the warehouse to prevent rain from eroding the base of the walls below the damp course.

Answer 22

1 m

Question 23

A standard roof truss of ??? span
(or larger) should be used.

Answer 23

14.5m

Question 24

The size of the entrance is ??? for normal temperature warehouse.

Answer 24

6 m wide and 4 m high

Question 25

Ventilation openings such as louvers shall be fitted on the outside with ??? and on the inside ??? with insect screens (removable for cleaning), which will deter most insects

Answer 25

anti-bird grills (20mm mesh) (10 cm behind the grills)