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Rapid Review Notecards > Pages 220-223 > Flashcards

Pages 220-223 Flashcards

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1
Q 
Acanthosis nigricans (hyperpigmentation and 
epidermal thickening)
A

Visceral malignancy (esp. stomach)

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2
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin

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3
Q

AIDS

A

Aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkin’s) and Kaposi’s sarcoma

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4
Q 
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Hashimoto 
thyroiditis, SLE)
A

Lymphoma

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5
Q

Barrett esophagus (chronic GI reflux)

A

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia,

postsurgical gastric remnants

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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8
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Small cell lung cancer

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9
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Lung cancer

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10
Q

Down syndrome

A

ALL (“we ALL fall Down”), AML

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11
Q

Dysplastic nevus

A

Malignant melanoma

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12
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Squamous cell lung cancer

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13
Q

Immunodeficiency states

A

Malignant lymphomas

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14
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A

Small cell lung cancer

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15
Q

Myasthenia gravis, pure RBC aplasia

A

Thymoma

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16
Q

Paget disease of bone

A

2° osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

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17
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (r iron)

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

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18
Q

Polycythemia

A

Renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma

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19
Q

Radiation exposure

A

Leukemia, sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer, and breast cancer

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20
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell lung cancer

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21
Q

Tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, intellectual disability)

A

Giant cell astrocytoma, renal angiomyolipoma, and cardiac rhabdomyoma

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22
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Colonic adenocarcinoma

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23
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism

A

Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and especially squamous cell carcinomas of skin

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24
Q

BCR-ABL

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

CML, ALL

Tyrosine kinase

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25
bcl-2 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas Anti-apoptotic molecule (inhibits apoptosis)
26
BRAF ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Melanoma Serine/threonine kinase
27
c-kit ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) Cytokine receptor (for stem cell factor)
28
c-myc ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Burkitt lymphoma Transcription factor
29
HER2/neu (c-erbB2) ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinomas Tyrosine kinase
30
L-myc ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Lung tumor Transcription factor
31
N-myc ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Neuroblastoma Transcription factor
32
ras ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer GTPase
33
ret ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
MEN 2A and 2B Tyrosine kinase
34
APC ASSOCIATED TUMOR
Colorectal cancer (associated with FAP)
35
BRCA1 +2 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
BRCA1 Breast and ovarian cancer BRCA2 Breast and ovarian cancer DNA repair protein
36
DPC4/SMAD4 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Pancreatic cancer DPC—Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer
37
DCC ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Colon cancer DCC—Deleted in Colon Cancer
38
MEN1 ASSOCIATED TUMOR
MEN type I
39
NF1 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
NeuroFibromatosis type 1 RAS GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)
40
NF2 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
NeuroFibromatosis type 2 Merlin (schwannomin) protein
41
p16 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Melanoma Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
42
p53 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome Transcription factor for p21, blocks G1 p --> S phase
43
PTEN ASSOCIATED TUMOR
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial | cancer
44
Rb ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma I nhibits E2F; blocks G1 p --> S phase
45
TSC1 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Tuberous sclerosis Hamartin protein
46
TSC2 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Tuberous sclerosis Tuberin protein
47
VHL ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
von Hippel-Lindau disease Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a
48
WT1 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma
49
WT2 ASSOCIATED TUMOR GENE PRODUCT
Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma
50
Alkaline phosphatase Tumor Marker
Metastases to bone, liver, Paget disease of bone, | seminoma (placental ALP)
51
α-fetoprotein Tumor Marker
``` Normally made by fetus. Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor (co-secreted with β-hCG). ```
52
β-hCG Tumor Marker
Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (Gestational trophoblastic disease), testicular cancer.
53
CA-15-3/CA-27-29 Tumor Marker
Breast cancer.
54
CA-19-9 Tumor Marker
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
55
CA-125 Tumor Marker
Ovarian cancer
56
Calcitonin Tumor Marker
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
57
CEA Tumor Marker
CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen. Very nonspecific but produced by ∼ 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers; also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.
58
PSA Tumor Marker
Prostate-specific antigen. Used to follow prostate adenocarcinoma. Can also be elevated in BPH and prostatitis. Questionable risk/benefit for screening.
59
S-100 Tumor Marker
Neural crest origin (e.g., melanomas, neural tumors, schwannomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis).
60
TRAP Tumor Marker
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP). | Hairy cell leukemia—a B-cell neoplasm.
61
EBV Associated cancer
Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)
62
HBV, HCV Associated cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
63
HHV-8 (Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus) Associated cancer
Kaposi sarcoma, body cavity fluid B-cell | lymphoma
64
HPV Associated cancer
Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (16, 18), | head and neck or throat cancer
65
H. pylori Associated cancer
Gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma
66
HTLV-1 Associated cancer
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
67
Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis) Associated cancer
Cholangiocarcinoma
68
Schistosoma haematobium Associated cancer
Bladder cancer (squamous cell)
69
Aflatoxins (Aspergillus) Organ/Impact
Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma
70
Alkylating agents Organ/Impact
Blood Leukemia/lymphoma
71
Aromatic amines (e.g., benzidine, 2-naphthylamine) Organ/Impact
Bladder Transitional cell carcinoma
72
Arsenic Organ/Impact
Liver Lung Skin Angiosarcoma Lung cancer Squamous cell carcinoma
73
Asbestos Organ/Impact
Lung Bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma
74
Carbon tetrachloride Organ/Impact
Liver Centrilobular necrosis, fatty change
75
Cigarette smoke Organ/Impact
``` Bladder Esophagus Kidney Larynx Lung Pancreas ``` ``` Transitional cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Squamous cell and small cell carcinoma Pancreatic adenocarcinoma ```
76
Ethanol Organ/Impact
Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma
77
Ionizing radiation Organ/Impact
Thyroid Papillary thyroid carcinoma
78
Nitrosamines (smoked foods) Organ/Impact
Stomach Gastric cancer
79
Radon Organ/Impact
Lung ``` Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette smoke) ```
80
Vinyl chloride Organ/Impact
Liver Angiosarcoma
81
1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol) Effect/neoplasms
Hypercalcemia Hodgkin lymphoma, some non-Hodgkin lymphomas
82
ACTH Effect/neoplasms
Cushing syndrome Small cell lung carcinoma
83
ADH Effect/neoplasms
SIADH Small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms
84
Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ Effect/neoplasms
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness) Small cell lung carcinoma
85
Erythropoietin Effect/neoplasms
Polycythemia Renal cell carcinoma, thymoma, hemangioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leiomyoma, pheochromocytoma
86
PTHrP Effect/neoplasms
Hypercalcemia Squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer
87
Psammoma bodies Laminated, concentric, calcific spherules PSaMMoma bodies are seen in: ƒ
``` Papillary carcinoma of thyroid ƒ Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary ƒ Meningioma ƒ Malignant mesothelioma ```
88
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Sulfonamides Adverse effect:
Kernicterus
89
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Aminoglycosides Adverse effect:
Ototoxicity
90
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Fluoroquinolones Adverse effect:
Cartilage damage
91
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Clarithromycin Adverse effect:
Embryotoxic
92
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Tetracyclines Adverse effect:
Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth
93
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Ribavirin (antiviral) Adverse effect:
Teratogenic
94
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Griseofulvin (antifungal) Adverse effect:
Teratogenic
95
Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy Chloramphenicol Adverse effect:
“Gray baby”

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