Pain, Comfort, and Mobility Flashcards
(17 cards)
An essential part of living in which a person has the ability to move freely, easily and purposely in the environment.
Mobility
The efficient, coordinated and safe use of the body to move objects and carry out activities of daily living.
Body Mechanics
Purposes of Body Mechanics
- To prevent strain, injury and fatigue
- To promote musculoskeletal functioning
- To reduce energy required to move and maintain v balance
Elements of Body Mechanics
- _____: The geometric arrangement of body parts in relation to each
other. The relationship of one body part to a certain body part along a horizontal or vertical line. - _____: Maintained when the LINE of Gravity (an imaginary vertical line drawn through an object’s center of gravity) passes through the CENTER of GRAVITY (the point at which all of the mass of an object is centered) and the BASE of SUPPORT (the foundation on which an object rests).
- _____: Integrated functioning of the musculoskeletal and nervous system
- Body Alignment or Posture
- Balance or Stability
- Coordinated Body Movement
Principles of Body Mechanics
- Weight is best balanced when center of gravity is directly above the base provided by the feet.
- Enlarging the base of support increases the stability of the body.
- A person or an object is stable if the center of gravity is close to the base of support.
- Enlarging the base of support in the direction of the force to be applied increases the amount of force that can be applied.
- Tightening or contracting the supporting muscles before beginning a lifting task prevent back injury.
- Facing in the direction of task to be performed and turning the entire body in one plane lessen back pain or injury.
- Lift by binding legs and use leg muscles instead of using back muscles.
- Less energy is required to move an object on a level surface than to move it up in a slanted surface against the force of gravity.
- Less energy is required to move an object when friction between the object and the surface on which it rests is minimized.
10.Less energy is required to move an object when it is held close to the body than at a distance from the body. - Use weight of the body as a force to assist in lifting or moving.
- Smooth, rhythmic movements at moderate speed require less energy than rapid, jerky ones.
- Pulling an object result to availability of all forces for the task of moving. Pushing an object results to absorption of force exerted leaving less force available to move the object.
- Less energy is required to work on a surface at an appropriate height than it does to stoop or stretch to reach the surface.
Factors affecting body alignment and activity
- Growth and development
- Nutrition
- Personal values and attitudes
- External factors
- Prescribed limitations
The act of walking
Ambulation
Purposes of Ambulation
- To improve appetite
- To help improve balance
- To enhance psychological being
- To stimulate respiratory and circulatory functions
- To stimulate bowel action, facilitating elimination
- To maintain and restore muscle tone, muscle strength and joint mobility
Effects of Immobility
- Musculoskeletal System
- disuse osteoporosis
- disuse atrophy
- contractures-foot drop, wrist ü drop, external hip rotation
- stiffness and pain in the joints - Cardiovascular System
- orthostatic hypotension
- diminished cardiac reserve
- venous vasodilation and stasis
- dependent edema
- thrombus formation - Respiratory System
- decreased respiratory
movement
- pooling of respiratory
secretions
- Atelectasis
- hypostatic pneumonia - Metabolic System
- decreased metabolic rate
- negative nitrogen balance
- Anorexia
- negative calcium balance - Urinary System
- Urinary stasis
- Renal calculi
- Urinary retention - Gastrointestinal System
– constipation - Integumentary System
- Reduced skin turgor
- Skin breakdown - Psychoneurologic System
- Decreased self-esteem
- Depression, anger, hostility, anxiety
Stages of Mobility
- Instruct patient to do deep breathing and coughing exercises.
- Position patient from supine to low fowlers position for few minutes.
- After an hour, position bed on high fowlers position (sitting position).
- Let the patient dangle his feet along side of the bed for few minutes.
- Assist patient to transfer from bed to chair.
- Assist patient from chair to standing position.
- Assist patient to walk.
Assistive/Support Devices in Ambulation
- Mechanical devices-mobile electric lift, ceiling- mounted lift, sit-to-stand power lift, transfer chair,
Slipp Patient Mover, air - Transfer system Transfer/gait belts, transfer sheets, ambulation sling
- Walker, cane, crutches
- Overhead trapeze, wheelchair, pillows
- Trochanter rolls, hand rolls, ankle rolls
Different Positions on Bed
Fowler’s Position
Sim’s Position
Supine/Prone
Dorsal Recumbent Position
Semi-Fowler Position
Fowler Position
High Fowler Position
Lithotomy Position
Orthopneic
Trendelenburg
Reverse Trendelenburg
Promotion of Comfort: Back massage/rub
Purposes:
- Enhance the relaxing effect of a bath
- Promote relaxation and comfort
- Relieve muscular tension
- Stimulate circulation to the skin
- Provide relief from pain
- Relieve insomnia
Back massage Methods
Effleurage
Petrissage
Friction rub
Bedmaking Purposes:
- To promote patient’s comfort.
- To provide a clean, neat environment for the patient.
- To provide a smooth, wrinkle-free bed foundation, thus minimizing sources of skin irritation.
- To conserve patient’s energy.
Types of Bed Making
Common types of bed:
_____: is made when the patient is not able or nor permitted to get out of the bed.
_____: is made when there is no patient confined in bed while a patient in the shower or sitting up in a chair.
types of unoccupied bed:
_____: the top covers are folded back so the patient can easily get back in to bed. And is prepared for ambulatory patients.
Occupied bed
Unoccupied
Open Bed
