Self-concept and Stress Flashcards
(46 cards)
1
Q
Individual perceptions of our behavior, abilities and unique characteristics (POSITIVE/POOR or NEGATIVE).
It involves all the self-perceptions (APPEARANCE, VALUES, BELIEFS)
A
Self-Concept
2
Q
FOUR DIMENSIONS OF SELF CONCEPT
A
KESE
1. Self-knowledge
2. Self-expectation
3. Social self
4. Social evaluation
3
Q
- _____ individual’s understandng of themselves.
- _____ standards, goals, and expectations that individuals set for themselves.
- _____ pertains to how individuals perceive themselves in relation to others.
- _____ involves how individuals perceive themselves based on feedback and judgments from others.
A
- Self-knowledge
- Self-expectation
- Social self
- Social evaluation
4
Q
Types of Self-Esteem
A
Inflated self-esteem
High Self-esteem
Low Self-Esteem
5
Q
Types of Self-esteem
- _____ they think they are better than others.
- _____ they accept and value themselves.
- _____ they do not value themselves.
A
Inflated self-esteem
High self-esteem
Low self-esteem
6
Q
- How would you describe your personal characteristics? / How do you see yourself as a person?
- How do others describe you as a person?
- What do you like about yourself?
- What do you do well?
- What are your personal strengths, talents and abilities?
- How would you change about yourself if you could?
A
PERSONAL IDENTITY (ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW)
7
Q
- Is there any part of your body you would like to change?
- Do you feel different or inferior to others?
- How do you feel about your appearance?
- What changes in your body do you expect following your surgery/treatment/illness? - - How have significant others in your life reacted to changes in your body?
A
BODY IMAGE(ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW)
8
Q
- Tell me about your family.
- What is home like?
- How is your relationship with your spouse/partner?
- What are your relationships like with your other relatives? How are important decision
A
ROLE PERFORMANCE (ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW) FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
9
Q
- Do you like your work?
- How do you get along with work?
- How do you spend your free time?
- Are you involved in any community group?
- Are you most comfortable alone, with one person or in a group?
A
WORK ROLES AND SOCIAL ROLES
10
Q
- Are you satisfied with your life?
- How do you feel about yourself?
- Are you accomplishing what you want?
- What goals in life are important to you?
A
SELF ESTEEM (ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW)
11
Q
ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM
FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-CONCEPT
A
- Stage of Development
- Family and Culture
- Stressors (IDENTITY, BODY IMAGE, ROLE, SELF ESTEEM)
- Resources (INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)
- History of success and failure
- Illness
12
Q
It is a condition in which an individual experiences changes in the normal balanced state.
A
STRESS
13
Q
Two types of stress
_____- good stress
_____- bad stress
A
Eustress
Distress
14
Q
Any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress.
A
Stressor
15
Q
Sources of Stressor
A
PPIEDS
- PHYSICAL (trauma, biochemical, environmental)
- PSYCHOLOGIC (emotional pressure, vocational, social, cultural, developmental)
- INTERNAL
- EXTERNAL
- DEVELOPMENTAL
- SITUATIONAL
16
Q
CHARACTERISTICS OF STRESS
A
- STRESS ITSELF
- REACTION TO STRESSORS
- IMPORTANCE OF CERTAIN STRESSES
17
Q
EFFECTS OF STRESS
A
PEISS
PHYSICAL
EMOTIONAL
INTELLECTUAL
SOCIAL
SPIRITUAL
18
Q
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE MANIFESTATIONS OF STRESS
A
- NATURE OF STRESSOR
- PERCEPTION ABOUT THE STRESSOR
- NUMBER OF STRESSORS
- DURATION OF EXPOSURE TO STRESSOR
- PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE WITH A COMPARABLE STRESSOR
19
Q
Founder of stress theory (G.A.S.)
A
Hans Selye
20
Q
MODELS OF STRESS/STRESS THEORIES
A
- STRESS STIMULUS THEORY
- STRESS RESPONSE THEORY
- TRANSACTIONAL STRESS THEORY
21
Q
Suggests that stress arises from external events or situations that exert pressure or demand on an individual. It could be environmental, social, or psychological in nature.
- Example: Consider a student preparing for final exams. The upcoming exams, deadlines, and academic expectations create stressors for the student, triggering stress responses such as anxiety and tension.
A
STRESS STIMULUS THEORY
22
Q
Focuses on how individuals react to stressors. Physiological, psychological, and behavioral reactions that occur when an individual perceives a threat or challenge.
- Example: In response to the academic stressors of final exams, the student experiences physiological symptoms such as increased heart rate, psychological symptoms such as worry and fear of failure, and behavioral changes such as difficulty concentrating or changes in eating and sleeping patterns.
A
STRESS RESPONSE THEORY
23
Q
Response of an organ or a part of the body to the stress of trauma, illness or other physiological change.
A
Localized Adaptation Syndrome
24
Q
Localized Adaptation Syndrome
_____ crucial part of the body’s defense mechanism against injury, infection, or other forms of stress.
_____ protective mechanism that helps prevent further damage to the body.
A
Inflammatory response
Reflex pain response
25
Responses of whole of the body to stressors. Occurs with the release of certain hormones and subsequent changes in structure and chemical composition of the body.
Ex: non-physical stress
General Adaptation Syndrome
26
General Adaptation Syndrome
_____ stage where the body perceives a stressor.
_____ the body attempts to adapt to the ongoing stressor.
_____ resources become depleted, and the body's ability to cope diminishes.
Alarm Reaction
Stage of Resistance
Stage of Exhaustion
27
Emphasizes the dynamic relationship between an individual and their environment in the stress process.
Stress occurs as a result of the transaction between an individual's appraisal of a
stressor and their perceived ability to cope with it.
- Example: The student appraises the upcoming final exams as highly significant and challenging (primary appraisal). They also assess their coping resources, such as study habits and social support (secondary appraisal). If the student perceives a misfit between the demands of the exams and their coping resources, they experience stress.
TRANSACTIONAL STRESS THEORY
28
INDICATORS OF STRESS
1. _____ Signs and symptoms of stress.
2. _____
3. _____
Physiologic
Psychological
Cognitive
29
under Psychological stress
AFADE
Anxiety
Fear
Anger
Depression
Ego Defense Mechanism
30
Psychological
_____ state of mental uneasiness, apprehension, dread or foreboding or a feeling of helplessness r/t an impending or anticipated unidentified threat to self or significant relationships.
Anxiety
31
Psychological
_____ feeling of apprehension aroused by impending or seeming danger, pain, or another perceived threat.
Fear
32
Psychological
_____ emotion state consisting of subjective feeling of animosity or strong displeasure.
Anger
33
Phychological
_____ extreme feeling of sadness, despair, dejection, lack of worth or emptiness.
Depression
34
Psychological
_____ unconscious psychological adaptive mechanisms; unconscious mind working to protect the person from anxiety.
Ego Defense Mechanisms
35
TYPES OF EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS
1. DENIAL
2. DISPLACEMENT
3. DISSOCIATION
4. FANTASY
5.IDENTIFICATION
6. INTELLECTUALIZATION
7. INTROJECTION
8. PROJECTION
9. RATIONALIZATION
10. REACTION FORMATION
11. REGRESSION
12. REPRESSION
13. SUPPRESSION
14. UNDOING
36
EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS
1._____ – blocking out painful or anxiety-inducing events or feelings.
2. _____ – discharging pent-up feelings on people less dangerous than those who initially aroused the emotion.
3. _____ – handling emotional conflicts, or internal/external stressors, by a temporary alteration of consciousness or identity.
4._____ – symbolic satisfaction of wishes through non-rational thought.
DENIAL
DISPLACEMENT
DISSOCIATION
FANTASY
37
EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS
5. _____ – Unconscious assumption of similarity between oneself and
another.
6. _____ – separating an emotion from an idea or thought.
7. _____ – acceptance of another’s values and opinions as one’s own.
8. _____ – attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and thoughts to others.
9. _____ – falsification of experience through the construction of explanations of behavior.
IDENTIFICATION
INTELLECTUALIZATION
INTROJECTION
PROJECTION
RATIONALIZATION
38
EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS
10. _____ – unacceptable feelings disguised by repression of the real feeling.
11. _____ – reverting to an earlier stage of development.
12. _____ – unconsciously keeping unacceptable feelings out of awareness.
13. _____ – consciously keeping unacceptable feelings and thoughts out of
awareness.
14. _____ – attempting to take back an unconscious thought or behavior that is
unacceptable.
REACTION FORMATION
REGRESSION
REPRESSION
SUPPRESSION
UNDOING
39
Cognitive
1. Problem solving
2. Structuring
3. Self-control
4. Suppression
5. Fantasy/daydreaming
40
Dealing with change; cognitive and behavioral effort to manage specific external and/or internal demands.
Coping
41
TWO TYPES OF COPING STRATEGIES
1. _____ aim to address the stressor directly by taking action to change or manage the situation causing stress.
2. _____ involve managing the emotional distress caused by the stressor rather than directly
addressing the stressor itself.
Problem-Focused
Emotion-Focused
42
VIEWS OF COPING STRATEGIES
1. _____ lifestyle changes, developing healthy habits, seeking therapy or counseling, and building resilience.
2. _____ may include distraction techniques, deep breathing exercises, engaging in hobbies,
or seeking social support.
3. _____ those that effectively reduce stress, enhance resilience, and promote overall well- being.
4. _____ ineffective or harmful ways of dealing with stress that may exacerbate the problem
or lead to negative consequences.
Long term
Short term
Adaptive
Maladaptive
43
APPROACHES TO COPING WITH STRESS
To alter the stressor
Adapt to the stressor
Avoid the stressor
44
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S COPING
Number, duration and intensity of the stressors
Past experiences of the individual
Support systems available to the individual
Personal qualities of the person
45
NURSING INTERVENTION: MINIMIZING STRESS AND ANXIETY
Listen attentively
Provide an atmosphere of warmth and trust
Stay with clients as needed To promote safety, feelings of security and reduce fear
Control the environment to minimize additional stressors
Implement suicide precautions if indicated
Communicate in short, clear sentences
46
Kinds of stressors
PERSONAL IDENTITY
BODY IMAGE
ROLE PERFORMANCE
WORK ROLES AND SOCIAL ROLES
SELF-ESTEEM
