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Abdomen and small parts > Pancreas and Spleen Pathology > Flashcards

Pancreas and Spleen Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

What sonographic artifact may be visualized with the presence of gas?

gas does not cause any artifact

edge side lobes

reverberation

acoustic enhancement

A

reverberation

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2
Q

This is an inflammatory process that produces changes in pancreatic enzyme levels. Sonographically, the pancreas appears hypoechoic and enlarged.

Acute pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis

Cystic fibrosis

Annular pancreas

A

Acute pancreatitis

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3
Q

This pancreatic tumor is cancerous and is a common cause of biliary dilation, specifically the double-duct sign.

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

gastrinoma

insulinoma

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

A

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

Which condition is associated with a midline liver and GB, reversed great vessels, and has right-sided predominance?

Polysplenia

Polycythemia vera

Asplenia

Sickle cell anemia

Intraperitoneal hematoma

A

Asplenia

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5
Q

What elevated lab value would be associated with a mucinous cystic neoplasm?

amylase

lipase

CEA

A1C

blood glucose

A

CEA

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6
Q

The most common cause of pancreatic pseudocyst in children is

Trauma

Acute pancreatitis

Diabetes

Hypoglycemia

A

Trauma

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7
Q

Repetitive bouts of pancreatitis will cause this.

acute pancreatitits

adenocarcinoma

chronic pancreatitis

pancreatic cysts

A

chronic pancreatitis

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8
Q

The most common cause of this is alcoholism. It is irreversible.

Pancreas divisum

Chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cysts

A

Chronic pancreatitis

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9
Q

Sarcoidosis, malignancy, and ____ are the most common causes of granulomas.
splenic abscess

histoplasmosis

splenic artery aneurysm

infection

A

infection

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10
Q

What is the most common benign primary neoplasm found in the spleen?

Hemangioma

Granuloma

Splenic infarct

Adenocarcinoma

A

Hemangioma

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11
Q

Which of the following are considered malignant tumors of the pancreas? mark all that apply

Insulinoma

Gastrinoma

mucinous cystic neoplasm

serous cystic neoplasm

A

Gastrinoma
mucinous cystic neoplasm

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12
Q

This patient has come to you from chemotherapy. She is having some left upper quadrant pain and the doctor thinks her spleen is enlarged. What pathology is visualized in this image?
Splenic abcess

Granulomas

Splenic hemangiomas

Splenic mets

Splenic infarc

A

Splenic mets

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13
Q

Pancreatic cysts are associated with _________ and Von-Hipple-Lindau syndrome

hepatomegaly

adult polycystic kidney disease

Mirizzi syndrome

stones

A

adult polycystic kidney disease

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14
Q

With which of the following pathologies will blood possibly spread to peritoneal cavity and fluid may appear around the spleen?

Posttraumatic splenosis

Perisplenic hematoma

Subcapsular hematoma

Intraparenchymal hematoma

A

Perisplenic hematoma

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15
Q

____________ is when spleen cells are implanted throughout the peritoneal cavity, can be due to a traumatic event, resulting in ectopic spleen.

Asplenia

Polysplenia

Accessory spleen

Posttraumatic splenosis

A

Posttraumatic splenosis

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16
Q

What is the second most common GEP-NET aka islet cell tumor?
Insulinoma

Serous cystadenoma

Gastrinoma

Mucinous cystic neoplasm

A

Gastrinoma

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17
Q

This pathology was formerly called microcystic cystadenoma, is typically benign and has the appearance of cluster of grape-like cysts.

PDA

IPMN

Serous cystic neoplasm

Mucinous cystic neoplasm

A

Serous cystic neoplasm

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18
Q

A splenic abscess is commonly caused by endocarditis, septicemia and __________.

Portal HTN

trauma

coughing

splenomegaly

A

trauma

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19
Q

A _________ is typically visualized as a calcified circle in the left upper quadrant. Think of the pictures….

splenic artery calcification

sickle cell disease

splenic infarct

subcapsular hematoma

perisplenic hematoma

A

splenic artery calcification

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20
Q

Massive splenomegaly is defined as a spleen greater than ________.

28 cm

8 mm

18 cm

18 mm

A

18 cm

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21
Q

The Whipple procedure is used as treatment for ______.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreas mets

Cystic fibrosis

Islet cell tumors

A

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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22
Q

Indications for sonographic evaluation of the abdomen to include the pancreas would include all of the following except:

Dysmenorrhea

Biliary disease

Painless jaundice

Abdominal distention

A

Dysmenorrhea

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23
Q

The function of the pancreas includes all of the following except

Breaks down proteins

Breaks down fat

Regulates blood pressure

Regulates sugar metabolism

A

Regulates blood pressure

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24
Q

Select 4 complications associated with sickle cell disease.

massive infarction

autosplenectomy

splenomegaly

acute sequestration

pseudo abscess

hypersplenism

A

massive infarction
autosplenectomy
acute sequestration
hypersplenism

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25
The Whipple procedure is used as treatment for ______. Islet cell tumors Pancreas mets Cystic fibrosis Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
26
This patient has come to you from chemotherapy. She is having some left upper quadrant pain and the doctor thinks her spleen is enlarged. What pathology is visualized in this image? Splenic mets Splenic infarct Granulomas Splenic hemangiomas Splenic abcess
Splenic mets
26
This patient is having pain, nausea, and vomiting. She has gallstones. Her amylase and lipase is elevated. All of this started 2 days ago. acute pancreatitis pancreatic adenocarcinoma gastrinoma chronic pancreatitis
acute pancreatitis
27
A patient presents with an elevated insulin level and clinical signs of hypoglycemia. This is most characteristic of: Insulinoma Gastrinoma Adenoma Adenocarcinoma
Insulinoma
28
When compared to the normal liver, the echogenicity of the pancreas in a 60-year-old patient is: Heterogeneous Hypoechoic Incorrect answer: Isoechoic Hyperechoic
Hyperechoic
29
This pancreatic tumor is cancerous and is a common cause of biliary dilation, specifically the double-duct sign. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma insulinoma gastrinoma
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
30
What lab value would be associated with an insulinoma? amylase CEA low blood sugar lipase high blood sugar
low blood sugar
31
Which condition is associated with biliary atresia and absent GB? Accessory spleen Subcapsular hematoma Asplenia Posttraumatic splenosis Polysplenia
Polysplenia
32
This pathology could be a complex appearing mass, with reverberation artifact. Clinically, the patient would likely have a fever and increased WBC. Splenic infarct Hemangioma Perisplenic hematoma Splenic abcess Malignant splenic tumor
Splenic abcess
33
A 60-year-old patient presents with painless jaundice and weight loss. The pancreatic head measures 4 cm with an enlarged pancreatic duct. This is most likely: Pancreatitis Related to blood sugar Pancreatic cancer Complicated pseudocyst
Pancreatic cancer
34
Pancreatic cysts are associated with _________ and Von-Hipple-Lindau syndrome adult polycystic kidney disease Mirizzi syndrome stones liver cysts
adult polycystic kidney disease
35
What is the most common benign primary neoplasm found in the spleen? Adenocarcinoma Splenic infarct Granuloma Hemangioma
Hemangioma
35
This pathology can be confused with a pseudocyst and is managed as malignant. adenocarcinoma mucinous cystic neoplasm serous cystadenoma MEN type 2 insulinoma
mucinous cystic neoplasm
36
What wouldn't be done to improve pancreas visualization during an abdominal ultrasound? Reverse trendelenberg position to lessen bowel interference Proper placement of focal zones , Not Selected Consumption of water to fill the stomach for pancreas tail visualization Ingesting a high protein meal right before
Ingesting a high protein meal right before
37
__________ are small, bright echogenic lesions visualized in the spleen, with or without shadowing. Abcess Splenic infarct Granulomas Epidermoid cysts
Granulomas
38
your patient is a 66-year-old male with complaints of abdominal and back pain, jaundice, and weight loss. A solid hypoechoic mass is visualized in the head of the pancreas. His lab findings include elevated alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase, and GGTP. What is the most likely pathology? Serous cystadenoma Annular pancreas Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Islet cell tumors Mucinous cystic neoplasms
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
39
This is an exocrine gland disorder that causes viscous secretions resulting in pancreatic dysfunction. Pseudocyst Mucinous cystic neoplasm Acute pancreatitis Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis
40
How can a pancreatic pseudocyst affect the spleen? select all that apply won't affect the spleen create perisplenic hematoma create pseudoaneurysms weaken blood vessels cause left sided hydronephrosis erode into the spleen
create pseudoaneurysms erode into the spleen weaken blood vessels
41
Which is the most common location for a pancreatic pseudo cyst? Lesser sac Body of pancreas Tail of the pancreas Posterior to the pararenal space
Tail of the pancreas
42
What is the second most common GEP-NET aka islet cell tumor? Insulinoma Mucinous cystic neoplasm Serous cystadenoma Gastrinoma
Gastrinoma
43
Massive splenomegaly is defined as a spleen greater than 16cm. True False
False
44
A _________ is typically visualized as a calcified circle in the left upper quadrant. sickle cell disease subcapsular hematoma perisplenic hematoma splenic artery calcification splenic infarct
splenic artery calcification
45
This is an inflammatory process that produces changes in pancreatic enzyme levels. Sonographically, the pancreas appears hypoechoic and enlarged. Acute pancreatitis Annular pancreas Chronic pancreatitis Cystic fibrosis
Acute pancreatitis
46
The most common cause of pseudocyst in children is Trauma Acute pancreatitis Hypoglycemia Diabetes
Trauma
47
____________ is when spleen cells are implanted throughout the peritoneal cavity, can be due to a traumatic event, resulting in ectopic splenic tissue. Asplenia Accessory spleen Posttraumatic splenosis Polysplenia
Posttraumatic splenosis
48
Pseudocysts contain high amounts of _______. Mark all the correct answers. GGTP Lipase Bilirubin Trypsin Amylase
Amylase Lipase Trypsin
49
Which is a landmark for the anterior-lateral aspect of the pancreas? Common bile duct Gastroduodenal artery Hepatic artery Superior mesenteric artery
Gastroduodenal artery
50
_______ are true cysts found in the spleen that are lined with epithelial cells. Epidermoid cyst Hemorrhagic cyst Splenic artery aneurysm Complex cyst Pseudocyst
Epidermoid cyst
51
In cases of acute pancreatitis, which lab value is elevated? It rises significantly in the early phase and decreases within a few days is: Alkaline phosphatase Serum glucose Serum amylase Bilirubin
Serum amylase
52
Repetitive bouts of pancreatitis will cause pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. True False
False
53
With which of the following pathologies will blood possibly spread to peritoneal cavity and fluid may appear loculated around the spleen? Intraperitoneal hematoma Intraparenchymal hematoma Posttraumatic splenosis Subcapsular hematoma
Intraperitoneal hematoma
54
The most common cause of this is alcoholism. It is irreversible. Pancreatic cysts Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Chronic pancreatitis Pancreas divisum
Chronic pancreatitis
55
Sarcoidosis, malignancy, and ____ are the most common causes of granulomas. hemangioma infection splenic abscess splenic artery aneurysm
infection
56
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is typically found in the _____ of the pancreas. head body tail neck
head
57
What sonographic artifact may be visualized with the presence of gas? reverberation acoustic enhancement gas does not cause an artifact side lobes
reverberation
58
A splenic abscess is commonly caused by endocarditis, septicemia and __________. splenomegaly Portal HTN coughing trauma
trauma
59
What are the 2 most common causes of acute pancreatitis? low blood sugar cancer biliary disease alcoholism
biliary disease alcoholism
60
Which condition is associated with a midline liver and GB, absent spleen, and has right-sided predominance? Intraperitoneal hematoma Polysplenia Polycythemia vera Asplenia Sickle cell anemia
Asplenia
61
The normal anteroposterior measurement of the duct of Wirsung at the level of the body is: Less than or equal to 2 mm Less than or equal to 1 mm Less than or equal to 4 mm Less than or equal to 3 mm
Less than or equal to 2 mm
62
Which describes the typical appearance of a mucinous cystic neoplasm? solid hypoechoic mass cyst w/ numerous internal septations and debris
cyst w/ numerous internal septations and debris
63
Which of the following are considered malignant tumors of the pancreas? mark all that apply insulinoma gastrinoma serous cystic neoplasm pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mucinous cystic neoplasm
gastrinoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mucinous cystic neoplasm
64
________ are an accumulation of pancreatic fluid and necrotic debris confined by the retroperitoneum. Pseudocysts Serous cystadenoma Pancreatic phlegmon Mucinous cystic neoplasms
Pseudocysts
65
This pathology was formerly called microcystic cystadenoma, is typically benign and has the appearance of an echogenic mass with possible external lobulation. Serous cystic neoplasm IPMN Mucinous cystic neoplasm PDA
Serous cystic neoplasm
66
The sonographic appearance of this pathology is a peripheral wedge-shaped hypoechoic lesion in the spleen. Polycythemia vera Splenic infarct Splenic mets Sickle cell disease Splenic hematoma
Splenic infarct
67
Enlargement of the pancreatic head may cause Biliary obstruction Cystic fibrosis Ascites Renal vein obstruction
Biliary obstruction
68
What is the most common hyperfunctioning GEP-NET aka islet cell tumor? Serous cystadenoma Gastrinoma Insulinoma Macrocystic cystadenoma
Insulinoma

Abdomen and small parts (12 decks)

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