Retro, Urinary, IVC, Aorta

Question 1

The normal adrenal gland size is 2 x 1.1 x .4 inches

True
False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The relationship of the adrenal glands to the kidneys is? Select 3.

anterior
inferior
medial
posterior
superior

Answer 2

anterior
medial
superior

Question 3

Which structure is located anterior to the left kidney?

right liver lobe
pancreas tail
gallbladder

Answer 3

pancreas tail

Question 4

Which structure is located anterior to the right kidney?

pancreas tail
left adrenal gland
right liver lobe

Answer 4

right liver lobe

Question 5

How thick should the bladder wall be?

3-6 mm
3-6 in
3-6 cm

Answer 5

3-6 mm

Question 6

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs is called:

Retroperitoneum
Peritoneum

Answer 6

Peritoneum

Question 7

Which lab value is not associated with the kidneys?

BUN
AST
Creatinine

Answer 7

AST

Question 8

What is the length range of the ureters?

20-30 mm
20-30 cm
2-3 cm

Answer 8

20-30 cm

Question 9

Which describes the location of Morison’s Pouch?

b/w left kidney and spleen
b/w liver and gallbladder
b/w kidney and uterus
b/w right kidney and liver

Answer 9

b/w right kidney and liver

Question 10

Select the structure that is NOT located posterior to both kidneys.

pancreas
psoas muscle
diaphragm
transverse muscle

Answer 10

pancreas

Question 10

What is the smallest unit of the kidney and also the functional unit of the kidney?

cell
atom
nephron
neutron

Answer 10

nephron

Question 11

______________ are triangular in shape and contain the loops of Henle.

renal sinus
renal cortex
renal hilum
medullary pyramids

Answer 11

medullary pyramids

Question 12

What are some symptoms of Renal Artery Stenosis? select 2

uncontrollable HTN
sudden onset HTN
increased urine output
controllable HTN

Answer 12

uncontrollable HTN
sudden onset HTN

Question 13

The kidneys, ureters, and bladder lie in which part of the body?

retroperitoneum
peritoneum

Answer 13

retroperitoneum

Question 14

Which kidney is displaced a bit inferior as compared to the other kidney?

right kidney
left kidney

Answer 14

right kidney

Question 15

Which organ causes the left kidney to be located higher in the abdomen than the right kidney?

spleen
pancreas
liver

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

The right suprarenal vein drains into the IVC.

True
False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The 2 compartments of the peritoneum are called the less sac and more sac.

True
False

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The space between the 2 peritoneal linings is called:

morison’s pouch
peritoneal cavity
vesicouterine pouch

Answer 18

peritoneal cavity

Question 19

Ureters pass anteriorly to which muscles?

psoas muscles
quadriceps
transverse abdominus muscles
biceps

Answer 19

psoas muscles

Question 20

Where is the crus of the diaphragm located?

between the aorta and the IVC
between the aorta and the SMA

Answer 20

between the aorta and the IVC

Question 21

What is the most common tumor to metastasize to the IVC?

Hepato Cell Carcinoma
Pancreatoma
Renal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 21

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 22

What is the name of the canal that transports urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body?

drain
ureter
bladder
urethra

Answer 22

urethra

Question 23

Which suprarenal vein drains into renal vein?

right
left

Answer 23

left

Question 24

In which type of patient are adrenal glands going to be the easiest to visualize? Teens Neonates Geriatrics Adults

Answer 24

Neonates

Question 25

Which arteries in the kidney are located at the base of the pyramids? 3rd branch of the renal artery segmental afferent arterioles arcuate interlobar interlobular

Answer 25

arcuate

Question 26

Which arteries are found between the medullary pyramids? 2nd branch of renal artery. interlobar afferent arterioles interlobular segmental arcuate

Answer 26

interlobar

Question 27

Which arteries in the kidney course within the renal cortex, they are the 4th branch of the renal artery? segmental afferent arterioles interlobar arcuate interlobular

Answer 27

interlobular

Question 28

Will the bladder wall get thicker or thinner when it is empty? thinner thicker

Answer 28

thicker

Question 29

The medullary pyramids are separated by cortex known as the _______________. major calyces Correct! columns of Bertin nephrons loops of Henle

Answer 29

columns of Bertin

Question 30

What is the name of the outer portion of the renal parenchyma? renal cortex medullary pyramid Gerota's fascia renal pelvis

Answer 30

renal cortex

Question 31

_______ is a bulge on the lateral border of the kidney that has the same sonographic appearance of the cortex. Dromedary hump Double collecting system Horseshoe kidney Hypertrophied column of Bertin Fused kidney

Answer 31

Dromedary hump

Question 32

A division of the renal sinus is called a _________. Each renal sinus will have its own renal pelvis and a double ureter may be present. Double collecting system Hypertrophied column of Bertin Pelvic kidney Horseshoe kidney

Answer 32

Double collecting system

Question 33

Renal _______ occurs when one or both kidneys are located outside the renal fossa. ectopia agenesis hydronephrosis

Answer 33

ectopia

Question 34

Where is the most common place you will find an ectopic kidney? chest pelvis RUQ LUQ

Answer 34

pelvis

Question 35

What structure covers the kidneys? No answer text provided. Gerota's fascia Glisson's capsule Grayson's fascia Morrison's pouch

Answer 35

Gerota's fascia

Question 36

What is the name of the lining that surrounds the adrenal gland? Corticoid fascia Gerota's Fascia Glisson's Capsule

Answer 36

Gerota's Fascia

Question 37

The kidneys help to maintain blood volume, excrete metabolic wastes, and they are able to function independently. This helps the body to maintain ________. level of immunity to disease homeostasis blood glucose levels

Answer 37

homeostasis

Question 38

_________ is defined as when the kidneys are connected at their lower poles. Hypertrophied column of Bertin Dromedary hump Horsehoe kidneys Double collecting system

Answer 38

Horsehoe kidneys

Question 39

If the RAR is greater than ______, renal artery stenosis is present. 3.5 .75 .35 7.5

Answer 39

3.5

Question 40

The __________ is considered the inner portion of the renal parenchyma. sinus infundibulum medulla cortex

Answer 40

medulla

Question 41

Which structure is located anterior to the left kidney? right liver lobe pancreas tail gallbladder

Answer 41

pancreas tail

Question 42

Which structure is located anterior to the right kidney? pancreas tail left adrenal gland right liver lobe

Answer 42

right liver lobe

Question 43

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs is called: Retroperitoneum Peritoneum

Answer 43

Peritoneum

Question 44

Which lab value is not associated with the kidneys? BUN AST Creatinine

Answer 44

AST

Question 45

What is the length range of the ureters? 20-30 mm 20-30 cm 2-3 cm

Answer 45

20-30 cm

Question 46

Select the structure that is NOT located posterior to both kidneys. pancreas psoas muscle diaphragm transverse muscl

Answer 46

pancreas

Question 47

The right suprarenal vein drains into the IVC. True False

Answer 47

True

Question 48

If a patient has significant renal artery stenosis, the sonographer may find that the affected kidney has increased in size greater than 12 cm shows signs of hydronephosis decreased in size less than 9 cm in length become anechoic

Answer 48

decreased in size less than 9 cm in length

Question 49

The formula for determining renal artery stenosis is Peak systolic - end diastolic/End diastolic Renal vein/IVC Aorta/Renal artery Renal artery/Aorta Rt renal artery/Lt renal artery

Answer 49

Renal artery/Aorta

Question 50

The 2 main parts of the kidney are the _______ and __________. renal hilum, renal pelvis renal parenchyma, renal sinus renal cortex, renal pyramids Gerota's fascia, renal parenchyma

Answer 50

renal parenchyma, renal sinus

Question 51

Which layer of the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity wall? visceral parietal

Answer 51

parietal

Question 52

How many poles does the kidney have? 0 4 3 2

Answer 52

3

Question 53

When dealing with horseshoe kidneys, the kidneys are usually lower in the pelvis than normal. What vessel prevents them from ascending to their normal location? Iliac Bifurcation Celiac Axis IMA SMA

Answer 53

IMA

Question 54

What body system do the kidneys belong to? Excretory system Endocrine system Digestive system Reproductive system

Answer 54

Excretory system

Question 55

Which of the following structures will become dilated with fluid overload (CHF)? SMA Lt renal vein Aorta IVC

Answer 55

IVC

Question 56

What function is responsible for moving urine along the ureters towards the bladder? peristalsis valsalva manuevers digestion gravity

Answer 56

peristalsis

Question 57

If one kidney ceases to function, what generally occurs to the remaining kidney? remaining kidney increases in size remaining kidney decreases in size remaining kidney never changes remaining kidney cannot function alone

Answer 57

remaining kidney increases in size

Question 58

Which layer of the peritoneum lines the organs? visceral parietal

Answer 58

visceral

Question 59

The aorta is located on which side of the spine? right left

Answer 59

left

Question 60

In order to determine if the ureters are unobstructed and the kidneys are functioning, the sonographer can use color doppler to visualize urine entering the bladder. These are called ureteral or bladder _______. streams fountains jets waves

Answer 60

jets

Question 61

The IVC is located on which side of the spine? right left

Answer 61

right

Question 62

Normal resistive index is typically _____________. less than 0.7 less than 3.5 greater than 0.7 greater than 3.5

Answer 62

less than 0.7

Question 63

What is the area of the kidney called where the artery, vein and ureter enter and exit? renal cortex Morrison's pouch renal hilum medullary pyramids

Answer 63

renal hilum

Question 64

Ureters are _______ structures. tubular spherical solid triangular

Answer 64

tubular

Question 65

The urinary bladder is located ________ to prostate gland in the male and _________ to vagina in the female. (think about the spatial relationships of the anatomy) superior, posterior inferior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, anterior

Answer 65

superior, anterior

Question 66

Kidneys may _____________ due to age, decreased blood flow, or disease. increase in size become completely calcified remain the same size regardless decrease in size

Answer 66

decrease in size

Question 67

The principal in which the nephron's functional process is based on is called: osmosis techmosis filtration plasmosis

Answer 67

osmosis

Question 68

A normal kidney should demonstrate ___________ flow. high resistive low resistive tardus parvus phasic

Answer 68

low resistive

Question 69

What vessel originates from the left ventricle of the heart? SMA Celiac Axis IVC Aorta

Answer 69

Aorta

Question 70

What is the name of the area of urinary bladder where the ureters enter the bladder wall? trigone bladder sinus urethra urinary hilum

Answer 70

trigone

Question 71

What structure do the renal arteries originate from? Aorta Splenic artery IVC Celiac axis

Answer 71

Aorta

Question 72

Which kidney is most common to have a dromedary hump? right left

Answer 72

left

Question 73

Which measurement would be considered within normal limits for kidney length? 11 mm 12 mm 8 cm 10 cm 13 cm

Answer 73

10 cm

Question 74

The bladder is a retroperitoneal organ. True False

Answer 74

True

Question 75

The renal pyramids convey urine to the minor calyces, which in turn convey urine to the major calyces. True False

Answer 75

True

Question 76

The renal sinus is the central portion of the kidney. True False

Answer 76

True

Question 77

The renal parenchyma contains the collecting system. True False

Answer 77

False

Question 78

Resistive index is a relative value; it has no units. True False

Answer 78

True

Question 79

What are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland? cortex nephron parenchyma medulla

Answer 79

medulla cortex

Question 80

When the left renal vein appears compressed by the SMA and the aorta, it is known as the: nutcracker sign smashed pumpkin sign stenotic sign

Answer 80

nutcracker sign

Question 81

Match the methods of indirect and direct renal artery evaluation with the corresponding explanation. direct evaluation proximal, mid, and distal renal artery measurements indirect evaluation intrarenal waveform measurements

Answer 81

ndirect evaluation intrarenal waveform measurements direct evaluation proximal, mid, and distal renal artery measurements

Question 82

How can renal dysfunction change the arterial waveforms of the kidney? renal dysfunction is unrelated to arterial waveforms cause a lower resistance waveform cause a higher resistance waveform

Answer 82

cause a higher resistance waveform

Question 83

Which is NOT a reason that the IVC may become displaced? liver mass tortuous aorta splenic cell carcinoma lymphadenopathy

Answer 83

splenic cell carcinoma

Question 84

Resistive index is used to evaluate for normal low resistance flow, medical renal disease, transplant rejection. True False

Answer 84

True

Question 85

Match the adrenal gland appearance with the patient. adult small, hypoechoic structure neonate thin, hyperechoic core inside anechoic zone

Answer 85

small, hypoechoic structure neonate thin, hyperechoic core inside anechoic zone