Small Parts 2

Question 1

At what fetal gestational age do the mammary glands begin to develop?

6 weeks
5 Weeks
4 weeks
7 weeks

Answer 1

6 weeks

Question 2

The acini cells are the functional cells of the breast.

True
False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Breasts are normally asymmetric in size; which is normally larger?

Correct answer:

Left

Right

Question 4

Nearly all breast pathology originates in the TDLU, most malignancies arise from the terminal duct near the junction of the intralobular and extralobular segments.

True

False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the name of the connective tissue that courses between the lobes of the breast from the chest wall/axilla toward the nipple to support the breast parenchyma?

Connor’s tendons
Brian’s ligaments
Cooper’s ligaments
bra straps

Answer 5

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 6

Which is the correct terminology for directional plane when scanning a breast?

radial, anti-radial
transverse, long
radial, transverse
transverse, sagittal

Answer 6

radial, anti-radial

Question 7

Normal ducts in a non-lactating female should measure ____________.

less than 4 mm
less than 2 mm
less than 5mm
less than 8mm

Answer 7

less than 2 mm

Question 8

The premammary layer of the breast is also called what?

subcutaneous fat layer
muscle layer
glandular layer
parenchymal layer

Answer 8

subcutaneous fat layer

Question 9

The amount of glandular tissue in a breast in the mammary layer is variable by the following factors except which one?

Post menopause
Age of menarche
Age
Weight

Answer 9

Age of menarche

Question 10

Normal ducts in a lactating female should measure ___________ in diameter.

less than 2mm
less than 8mm
less than 9mm
less than 11mm

Answer 10

less than 8mm

Question 11

The breast is located from the 1st and 2nd rib to what location?

9th rib
8th rib
7th rib
6th rib

Answer 11

7th rib

Question 12

The breast is an exocrine gland and its main function is?

production and secretion of milk

provide balance

protect the anterior rib cage

Answer 12

production and secretion of milk

Question 13

Which layer of the breast is the only layer that contains functional tissue?

skin layer

retromammary layer

mammary layer

premammary layer

Answer 13

mammary layer

Question 14

Each breast is composed of approximately how many lobes of glandular tissue arranged in a radial fashion around the nipple?

4-6

14-16

10-12

15-20

Answer 14

15-20

Question 15

How many days post-partum will milk production usually begin?

2-5
2-3

4-5
1-2

Answer 15

2-3

Question 16

What gland on the surface of the areola secret’s a protective oily substance during lactation?

Nipple gland

Montgomery gland

Coopers gland

Answer 16

Montgomery gland

Question 17

What congenital anomaly of the breast is the most common in both females and males?

athelia

polymastia

polythelia

polythelia

amastia

Answer 17

polythelia

Question 18

The condition of breast enlargement, onset of menses, underarm/pubic hair, and acne that occurs before age 8 is most commonly caused by early release of what hormone?

testosterone

calcitonin

gonadotropin (LH and FSH)

Answer 18

gonadotropin (LH and FSH)

Question 19

Breast tissue is not considered completely mature until?

Puberty

Pregnancy

Menopause

Answer 19

Pregnancy

Question 20

What hormone is responsible for stimulating the TDLU to grow in the breast, resulting in ‘PMS’ breast symptoms?

progesterone

estrogen

Answer 20

progesterone

Question 21

What hormone is responsible for the ductal contraction of lactation?

Prolactin

Oxytocin

Estrogen

Progesterone

Answer 21

Oxytocin

Question 22

What hormone is responsible for the ductal contraction of lactation?

Estrogen

Oxytocin

Prolactin

Progesterone

Answer 22

Oxytocin

Question 23

The fat layer is the layer of the breast where sebaceous cyst and lipomas occur.

False

True

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the term that refers to rapid breast tissue development at puberty, 8 to 13?

Thelarche

Menarche

Post menarche

Pre-mature thelarche

Answer 24

Thelarche

Question 25

When scanning a breast, what is the most common reference point for measuring the distance to a potential lesion? 1st rib Nipple Axilla

Answer 25

Nipple

Question 26

How many bones are typically found in the human body? 208 204 206 20

Answer 26

206

Question 27

Which answer below is not one of the three different types of muscles? skeletal cardiac smooth rough

Answer 27

rough

Question 28

At what age range should neonatal hips be scanned to exclude laxity in the hips postpartum due to maternal hormone levels? 4 to 6 weeks 4 to 6 months 3 to 5 months 1 to 2 weeks

Answer 28

4 to 6 weeks

Question 29

The Alpha angle of the fetal hip should be___________. greater or equal to 40 degrees greater or equal to 50 degrees greater or equal to 80 degrees greater or equal to 60 degrees

Answer 29

greater or equal to 60 degrees

Question 30

Is the appendix anterior or posterior in location to the iliac vessels and psoas muscle? posterior anterior

Answer 30

anterior

Question 31

The normal appendix is non-compressible. True False

Answer 31

False

Question 32

The bones in the human body have three functions, which of the below answers is not? regulate temperature protect internal organs support weight of body facilitate movement

Answer 32

regulate temperature

Question 33

Is pyloric stenosis more common in boys or girls? girls boys

Answer 33

boys

Question 34

Seeing fluid or stomach contents pass through the pyloric sphincter is not a definitive observation that rules out pyloric stenosis. True False

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Pediatric sonographers knowledge of congenital anomalies is essential. True False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

The sacral spine and lumbar spine both typically have how many vertebrae? 6 5 7 5 4

Answer 36

5

Question 37

What is the function of the pylorus muscle? prevents food from digesting early causes the 'hungry' feeling controls the flow of food

Answer 37

controls the flow of food

Question 38

Normal hip development in a child depends on the stability of what? femoral length femoral width femoral neck femoral head

Answer 38

femoral head

Question 39

A fetal hip ultrasound diagnostic quality is entirely dependent on the machine and not the skill of the sonographer. True False

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What is the term for increased blood flow in an area being examined? hypothermia hyperemia hypercoagulating hypoemia

Answer 40

hyperemia

Question 41

Which of the MSK answers listed is not an area that is commonly scanned? carpal tunnel shoulder ear lobe knee Achilles tendo

Answer 41

ear lobe

Question 42

All of the following are reasons to use sonography for pediatric patients except? ease of sound penetration low radiation cost-effective

Answer 42

low radiation

Question 43

Tendons and ligaments attach to a bones _______, it contains blood vessels and nerves. diaphyseum periosteum bursa endoneurium periosteum

Answer 43

periosteum

Question 44

When scanning the pylorus, the channel length should be less than or equal to 17mm and the muscle thickness should be _______? less than or equal to 3cm less than 4mm less than 4cm less than or equal to 3mm

Answer 44

less than or equal to 3mm

Question 45

Of the answers below, select all that could be indications for a fetal spinal ultrasound exam. RLQ pain hip clicking lipomas dorsal dermal sinus sacral dimple spinal cord trauma

Answer 45

spinal cord trauma sacral dimple dorsal dermal sinus lipomas

Question 46

What are two secondary, but important, sonographic signs of appendicitis? nausea/vomiting free fluid echogenic mesenteric fat RLQ pain

Answer 46

echogenic mesenteric fat free fluid

Question 47

The ______ the Alpha angle is, the greater the degree of dislocation. smaller larger

Answer 47

smaller

Question 48

Ultrasound is the screening method of choice to evaluate any spinal deformities up to what age? 12-18months 6-8 months 2-3months 4-6 months

Answer 48

4-6 months

Question 49

What is the most common symptom of pyloric stenosis? diarrhea not hungry projectile vomiting

Answer 49

projectile vomiting

Question 50

Synovial joints are the most common joints in the human body. True False

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Ultrasound is the gold standard for diagnosing pyloric stenosis and it is the most common abnormality requiring surgery in infants. True False

Answer 51

True

Question 52

When scanning a fetal spine where should the tip of the conus generally end on the spine? L1-L2 L4-L5 L3-L2 T11-T12

Answer 52

L1-L2