Thyroid, MSK

Question 1

Grave’s disease is the most common form of:

hypothyroidism

hyperthyroidism

Answer 1

hyperthyroidism

Question 2

Diverticulum are common in the sigmoid colon.

True

False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

How do you definitively determine if a thyroid nodule is benign or malignant?

MRI to determine

CT to determine

US to determine

Fine Needle Aspiration

Answer 3

Fine Needle Aspiration

Question 4

Hyperparathyroidism is most commonly ________ and results in hyperplasia of _____ gland(s).

genetic; 4

sporadic; 1

Answer 4

sporadic; 1

Question 5

A ganglion cyst is most often found at the patients ______.

wrist

antecubital fossa

finger

palm

Answer 5

wrist

Question 6

Are METS to the thyroid a common or uncommon finding?

common

uncommon

Answer 6

uncommon

Question 7

A 10-month-old is brought to the ER with a history of persistent crying, vomiting, and rectal bleeding. During the ultrasound exam, you take the following images of the bowel in transverse. What pathologic condition does the infant most likely have?

intussusception

pyloric stenosis

acute appendicitis

Answer 7

intussusception

Question 8

When there is development of an adenoma on one of the parathyroid glands and an increase in serum calcium on a routine screening, one should suspect:

secondary hyperparathyroidism

secondary hyperthyroidism

primary hyperparathyroidism

primary hyperthyroidism

Answer 8

primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 9

Which is the most common palpable soft tissue mass?

ganglion cyst

lipoma

abscess

bakers cyst

cellulitis

Answer 9

lipoma

Question 10

Colon carcinoma accounts for almost all colorectal malignancies.

True

False

Answer 10

True

Question 10

Hashimoto’s is associated with

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Answer 10

Hypothyroidism

Question 11

Intestinal pathology creates a sonographic pattern that appears as hypoechoic external rim, which corresponds to thickened intestinal wall, and a hyperechoic center that is residual gut lumen or mucosal ulceration. This sonographic appearance is known as __________ or __________ sign.

target or gunshot

target or pseudospleen

pseudokidney or water lily

pseudokidney or target

Answer 11

pseudokidney or target

Question 12

Eggshell calcifications are a benign or malignant appearance when seen with thyroid nodules?

Malignant

Benign

Answer 12

Benign

Question 13

Elevated PTH and elevated serum calcium lab work is how they diagnose which disorder?

secondary hyperthyroidism

primary hyperparathyroidism

secondary hyperparathyroidism

primary thyroidism

Answer 13

primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 13

What is the clinical presentation that is typical of thyroid cancer?

Difficulty swallowing

Midline shift of the neck appearance

A recent palpable mass

Pain in the anterior neck region

Answer 13

A recent palpable mass

Question 14

What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction during early childhood?

hypertrophied pyloric stenosis

intussusception

diverticulitis

appendicitis

Answer 14

intussusception

Question 15

What is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain?

pyloric stenosis

meckle’s diverticulitis

intussuseption

acute appendicitis

Answer 15

acute appendicitis

Question 15

Which answer below is a symptom of acute appendicitis? Select all that apply.

RLQ pain

decreased WBC

elevated WBC

LLQ pain

Answer 15

RLQ pain
elevated WBC

Question 16

You have a soft tissue exam ordered for a tender spot on an elderly patients lower leg, near their ankle. You begin to scan the area of concern and note the appearance below. What is the likely diagnosis?

hematoma

cellulitis

normal tissue appearance

abscess

Answer 16

cellulitis

Question 16

Rotator cuff tears can be differentiated as full or partial with differing appearances by ultrasound.

True

False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

This thyroid cancer spreads by way of the lymphatic system. It accounts for between 75-90% of all thyroid cancers and is usually a hypoechoic mass with microcalcifications.

Follicular

Anaplastic

Medullary

Papillary

Answer 17

Papillary

Question 18

This thyroid cancer is associated with elevated calcitonin and is only about 5% of all thyroid cancers.

papillary carcinoma

METS

medullary carcinoma

follicular carcinoma

Answer 18

medullary carcinoma

Question 19

This thyroid CA can be encapsulated, and spreads via the blood stream instead of the lymphatic system.

Medullary

Anaplastic

Papillary

Follicular

Answer 19

Follicular

Question 20

Which material below is better seen with US?

glass

plastic

wood

metal

Answer 20

wood

Question 20

Normal joints contain a trace amount of fluid. True False

Answer 20

True

Question 21

This occurs in patients with chronic renal failure, all 4 glands will be enlarged and this can have serious effects on the bone and soft tissues. Primary Hyperparathyroidism Papillary CA Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Secondary Hyperthyroidism

Answer 21

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Question 22

Normal parathyroid glands are commonly visualized by ultrasound. True False

Answer 22

False

Question 22

If a thyroid nodule has an incomplete thick halo, is that indicative of benign or malignant? Malignant Benign

Answer 22

Malignant

Question 23

What is used to move bowel gas and to decrease the distance between appendix and transducer? graded compression rolling patient over onto their belly reducing compression having patient stand up

Answer 23

graded compression

Question 24

Where are some locations where a parathyroid gland could be ectopically located? Select 2 peritoneal intrathyroid retrotrachael retroverted

Answer 24

retrotrachael intrathyroid

Question 25

Ultrasound exams are being performed more for patients with MSK complaints. Why? Select all that apply. MRI contraindications good for claustrophobics dynamic vs only static images quick exam time

Question 26

What is the most common indication for US guided MSK injections? known muscle tear pain that hasn't responded to conservative treatment splotchy skin pain that hasn't responded to conservative treatment pain that has responded to conservative treatment

Answer 26

pain that hasn't responded to conservative treatment

Question 27

What is the characteristic appearance of nerve bundles in short axis? honeycomb grid bumble bee stripes

Answer 27

honeycomb

Question 28

Locating the ______ can be helpful when searching for the pylorus. Once this structure is located, angle medial until you see a target or Bull's eye sign. xiphoid process gallbladder bladder left kidney

Answer 28

gallbladder

Question 29

Normal joints contain a trace amount of fluid. True False

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Which answer below is a symptom of acute appendicitis? Select all that apply. LLQ pain decreased WBC RLQ pain elevated WBC

Answer 30

RLQ pain elevated WBC