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GCSE Geography > Paper 2: Changing Economic World - UK economy > Flashcards

Paper 2: Changing Economic World - UK economy Flashcards

1
Q

quaternary industry

A

-provide information services

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2
Q

industrial economy

A

economy that is dominated by secondary industry
-exapnsion of tertiary

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3
Q

post industrial

A

-dominated by service sector
-jobs are highly skilled

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4
Q

deindustrialisation

A

decrease of traditional industries such as labour intensive farming

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5
Q

effects of unemployment

A

-lower qol
-negative multiplier effect
-less investment in services

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6
Q

globalisation

A

process of interaction/integration between ppl, companies and governments world wide

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7
Q

positive impacts on UK economy

A

-migration
-economic growth
-cheaper goods
-foreign investment
-high value production

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8
Q

negative impacts on UK economy

A

-less manufacturing
-outsourcing jobs
-inequality

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9
Q

IT in UK

A
  • 1.5 mill jobs
    -worth 59 bill a yr
    -100 000 companies operate in uk a yr
    -require degree
    -high tan avreage pay
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10
Q

cyber security market

A

worth £2.8 bill a yr

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11
Q

finance

A

linked to flow/ transfer of money
-600 000 jobs in uk

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12
Q

employers of finance

A

barclays HSBC

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13
Q

finance workers

A

-highly skilles

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14
Q

business parks

A

-offices cluster together
-financial help from government
-employ ceos or research workers
-high paid workers - manager

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15
Q

service industry

A

-make 3/4 of uk economy
-second largest exporter of services (education/tourism)
-positive multiplier effect

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16
Q

UK’s biggest employer

A

NHS
-1.4 mill employees

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17
Q

science parks/ research

A

-labs close to unis
-89 science parks in UK
-research industries
-high skilled

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18
Q

cambridge science park workers`

A

7500

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19
Q

brownfield site

A

had another purpose
-decline in secondary industry
-

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20
Q

Energy fossil fuel consumption

A

-manufacturing/ power generation
-burning of fossil fuels
-releases co2
-climate change

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21
Q

air pollution

A

-sulphur dioxide (waste product)= acid rain
-contaminates soil/water
-plants die
-erode stone on buildings
-causes human eye irritants

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22
Q

landfill

A

-toxins leak into sites
-contaminate eco systems
-methane is produced by rotting products

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23
Q

water supply depletion

A

-manufacturing = lots of water
-challenge in time of drought

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24
Q

tertiary industries use water for

A

green spaces
-bathrooms

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25
Q

water pollution

A

-toxins from factory seep into rivers
-eutrophication

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26
Q

eutrophication

A

-algae grows on surface
-blocks light
-reduces photosynthesis
-less o2
-aquatic life die = decompose = co2

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27
Q

Cambridge science park: trees

A

-more biodiversity
-habitats
-reduce co2/carbon footprint

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28
Q

Cambridge science park: solar panels

A
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29
Q

Cambridge science park: efficient heating

A

-less use of energy

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30
Q

Cambridge science park: designed to maximise light

A

-reduces need for electrical light
-less energy usage

31
Q

Cambridge science park: public transport/ cycle routes

A

-less congestion/energy
-less fuel = less emissions

32
Q

Cambridge science park: electrical car charging points

A

-reduces need for petrol
-less fossil fuels

33
Q

Population growth in rural SE England

A

-counter urbanisation
-ppl move for cleaner air
-larger housing
-purchasing holiday homes

34
Q

counter urbanisation

A

-ppl move from urban to rural cities

35
Q

greenbelt

A

-open space around city

36
Q

Positive socio economic impacts for counter urbanisation

A

-mainatins small population
-brings new businesses to rural areas
-maintains demand for shops

37
Q

Negative socio economic impacts for counter urbanisation

A

-older ppl retire in rural = increases average age
-places pressure on healthcare
-newcomers are wealthy = higher house prices
-locals can only rent
-changes culture

38
Q

Capel Dewi mid wales causes of population decline

A

-younger generation move away for work
-leaves elderly to farm
-shops close

39
Q

Capel Dewi mid wales impacts of population decline

A

-shops decline = lack of customers
-services (buses) are less frequent
-post offices shut

40
Q

3 ways transports links can help economy

A

-commute to work
-more jobs in transport
-more links for trade

41
Q

Thames Estuary description

A

-port for container ships
-quick and efficient dock
-warehousing space

42
Q

Thames Estuary pros

A

-increased speed global trade
-generated 12 000 direct jobs
-set up factories here

43
Q

Thames Estuary cons

A

-regional inequality for north
-congestion = delyas of goods
-noise/air pollution

44
Q

High speed rail 2

A

-railway line that connects london to birmingham, manchester, leeds

45
Q

High speed rail 2 pros

A

-allow businesses to open along route in northern cities
-visit london easily
-reduces congestion = no delays

46
Q

High speed rail 2 con

A

-3.5 times over budget
-only benefits some cities in north that have funding
-homes will be lost
-noise/visual pollution = reduce property values

47
Q

Runway at Heathrow

A

-3rd runway
-tourism is 10% of GDP
-creates 3.8 mill jobs indirectly

48
Q

Runway at Heathrow pros

A

-speeds up travel times
-attracts more tourists
-create 60 000 jobs
-generate £70 bn
-attract TNCs

49
Q

Runway at Heathrow cons

A

-disruption to local residents
-homes need to be knocked down
-residents will need compensation
-noise pollution = reduces value of home

50
Q

Smart motorways

A

-sends live alerts to drivers
-changes layout accordingly to traffic levels
-reduces congestion

51
Q

Smart motorways pros

A

-cameras change speed limit = smoother traffic flow
-inform drivers of hazards up route
-open hard shoulder at busy times = less congestion

52
Q

Smart motorways cons

A

-doesn’t reduce environmental impact
-costly
-increase speeding fines
-closing hard shoulder is dangerous = nowhere to go if breakdown = crashes

53
Q

Economic inequality between north and south

A

-economic higher in west midlands
-more investment in services = london £1485 pp
east midlands £669 pp

54
Q

Economic inequality between north and south - HQ

A

-271/500 are based in london
-more oppurtunities + tax

55
Q

Economic inequality between north and south - house prices

A

-higher in south
-harder to buy
-more confidence in investing in south

56
Q

Social inequality between north and south - students

A

-north attain less high than south
-north east england = 65.3% get grade D
-

57
Q

Social inequality between north and south - education funding

A

-london = £5519
-east midlands £4721

58
Q

Social inequality between north and south - life expectancy

A

-highest in south over 80
-lowest in scotland 77.1

59
Q

Social inequality between north and south - neets

A

-north east has highest rates
-south east = lowest

60
Q

NEETs

A

16-24 yrs olds who are not in education, employment or training

61
Q

Evidence against north/south divide - inequality within cities

A

-london has highest salaries
-50% of wealth is owned by top 10%
-bottom 50% own 5%

62
Q

Evidence against north/south divide - more funding in north

A

-investment in london is high but scotland and wales is even higher

63
Q

Evidence against north/south divide - boroughs

A

-quality of life in london boroughs
-but tower hamlets 53% live in poverty

64
Q

Evidence against north/south divide - rural/urban divide (jobs)

A

-rural economies are weak
-high paid jobs in major cities

65
Q

Evidence against north/south divide - transport

A

-shops have closed in rural locations
-1 in 5 live more than 4km = higher transport costs

66
Q

Evidence against north/south divide - london funding

A

-lots of funding in london
-not as much in SE

67
Q

Levelling up: description

A

-reduces social inequality in north/south
-supports economic growth
-$4.8 bn budget

68
Q

Levelling up: how it reduces inequality

A

-regions make proposals and make bids

69
Q

Levelling up: Manchester

A

£400 mil to expand metroline
-better commute/access to jobs
-reduces unemployment and increases tax
-funds to promote leisure

70
Q

Levelling up: limitations

A

-government has allocated £360 mill to SE = furthering divide
-provided less funding than promised

71
Q

High speed rail: description

A

-railway linking major cities in north

72
Q

High speed rail: reduces inequality by

A

-encourage businesses to open
-send goods to london
-less unemployment
-more tax
-better commute
-increase tourism in north

73
Q

High speed rail: limitations

A

-benefits small number of cities in north = divide between northern cities
-taxpayers object as it is way over budget
-businesses may move london instead = workers leave north

74
Q
A

GCSE Geography (25 decks)

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