Paper 2: Resource Management - Energy

Question 1

Energy insecurity

Answer 1

energy is unaffordable
-low supply cannot meet demand

Question 2

Reasons for low energy insecurity

Answer 2

-access to infrastructure
-able to import
-trade with countries

Question 3

Reasons for high energy insecurity

Answer 3

-unable to afford imports
or infrastructure to extract it
-lots of conflict

Question 4

Reasons for increasing energy

Answer 4

-population growth
-wealth increasing
-transport links increase
-supply increases = cheaper
-modern tech

Question 5

Why did the UK energy consumption decrease since 2000

Answer 5

-energy efficient appliances
-reduces wasted energy

Question 6

Physical factor affecting energy supply - geology

Answer 6

-determines fossil fuel deposits
-oil in arctic condition is hard to explore
-remote location + harsh weather

Question 7

Physical factor affecting energy supply - climate

Answer 7

-renewable energy depends on this
solar need sun
hydroelectric needs rain

Question 8

Human factor affecting energy supply - cost of production

Answer 8

-cost is low = cheap supply = high demand
-supply is smaller = demand + consumption falls
-prices fall companies close operations
-prices rise companies explore more energy

Question 9

Human factor affecting energy supply - technology

Answer 9

-research of efficient renewable energy
-more energy available

Question 10

Human factor affecting energy supply - politics

Answer 10

-imports from unstable countries = risk of supply interruption
-imports from alliances = cheap

Question 11

Intergovernmental organisation of oil producing countries (OPEC)

Answer 11

-set production targets
-influences prices

Question 12

How does economic development = more energy

Answer 12

-better access to stores
-population can afford it

Question 13

Impacts of energy insecurity

Answer 13

-increase costs
-power cuts
-disputes of theft of oil between countries
-energy rationing
-decrease quality of life

Question 14

Energy insecurity on the environment

Answer 14

-less stores
-habitats will be drilled into

Question 15

Pros for fossil fuels

Answer 15

-increase domestic energy supplies
-affordable + reliable
-jobs made for mines

Question 16

Cons for fossil fuels

Answer 16

-expensive for infrastructure
-co2

Question 17

Pros for Fracking

Answer 17

-more cost effective
-meets demand

Question 18

Cons for fracking

Answer 18

-non renewable
-may damage environment
-cause minor earth tremors
-contaminate water
-lead to water stress

Question 19

Pros for Carbon capture + CHP

Answer 19

-make fossil fuels eco friendly
-reduces pressure to cut carbon/fossil fuels

Question 20

Pros for biofuels

Answer 20

-renewable
-low co2 emissions

Question 21

biofuels

Answer 21

-burning of wood/crops to generate power

Question 22

Con for biofuels

Answer 22

-monoculture damages soil fertility
-local biodiversity

Question 23

Pros for nuclear energy

Answer 23

low co2

Question 24

Cons for nuclear energy

Answer 24

-expensive
-nuclear disasters
-health risk

Question 25

Pros for Hydroelectric power

Answer 25

-creates affordable and reliable supply
-no emissions

Question 26

Cons for hydroelectric

Answer 26

-harms habitats from flooding
-unpredictable rainfall = reduces reliability

Question 27

Pros for Tidal energy

Answer 27

-sustainable

Question 28

Cons for tidal power

Answer 28

-unpredictable
-habitat damage

Question 29

Pros for solar and wind energy

Answer 29

-less vulnerable to fluctuating prices
-solar from summer can be stored

Question 30

Cons for solar and wind energy

Answer 30

-seen as eye sores
-expensive to build
-unreliable due to weather

Question 31

Con for geothermal energy

Answer 31

-relatively new
-only accessible at plate boundaries = UK not able

Question 32

geothermal

Answer 32

-thermal energy from within Earth is released through drilling

Question 33

Ways to reduce transport emissions

Answer 33

-reduce flights
-more public transport
-energy efficient cars
-car sharing

Question 34

Carbon capture

Answer 34

-capture co2 when emitted
-store underground = doesn’t enter atmosphere
-co2 turned into liquid
-injected into sedimentary rock
-rock is impermeable = cannot escape

Question 35

CHP - combined heat and power

Answer 35

-captures and uses heat from electricity generators
-reduces co2 emissions by 30%

Question 36

Tungu-Kabri Micropower scheme

Answer 36

-harnesses the energy of falling water to make electricity.
-in Kenya
-uses hydro power for energy