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GCSE OCR Physical Education > Paper 2 - Health, Fitness and Wellbeing > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is Health?

A

The state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

And not merely the absense of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

What is Well-being?

A

The state of feeling content, happy and healthy

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3
Q

What is Fitness?

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

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4
Q

What are the categories of health?

A
  • Physical
  • Social
  • Emotional
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5
Q

What are the physical benefits of exercise?

A
  • Reduces chance of injury
  • Reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)
  • Prevents blood pressure
  • Increases bone density
  • Prevents obesity
  • Helps to avoid Type 2 diabetes
  • Improves posture
  • Improves fitness
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6
Q

How does regular exercise help to prevent high blood pressure?

A
  • Keeps your heart strong
  • Keeps arteries elastic

—> Helps to remove cholesterol from artery walls

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7
Q

How does regular exercise help to prevent obesity?

A

By using up energy that your body would otherwise store as fat

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8
Q

How does regular weight-bearing exercise help to decrease likelihood of fractures?

A

Helps to strengthen bones by increasing bone density

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9
Q

How does regular exercise help to prevent Type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Helps you maintain a healthy weight - Less likely to get diabetes
  • Increases cell’s sensitivity to insulin - Reduces chance of becoming insulin-resistant
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10
Q

How does regular exercise help to improve posture?

A

⬆️ likeliness of good posture —> Less problems w/ muscles of the back

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11
Q

What are the emotional benefits of exercise?

A
  • Self-esteem/confidence
  • Image
  • stress management
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12
Q

How does exercise Increase self-esteem/confidence?

A

Causes body to release hormones which makes you feel happier
—> Makes you feel more confident about yourself

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13
Q

How does exercise Improves Image?

A

An active person = more likely to have a good self image (where they look good to others)

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14
Q

How does exercise Reduces stress?

A

Exercise can allow a person to forget about the everyday stresses of life

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15
Q

What are the social benefits of exercise?

A
  • Allows for new friendships to occur
  • Reduces loneliness
  • Sense of belonging
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16
Q

How does exercise Improve your sense of belonging?

A

Sharing a common interest & working together = ⬆️ social bonds between team members AND helps feel more involved in society

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17
Q

How does exercise reduce loneliness?

A
  • Gives a chance to meet with others
  • Members of the same team will feel they have a collective identity + sense of belonging
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18
Q

How does exercise Help make new friends?

A

By meeting people also involved in sport

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19
Q

What is a Sedentary lifestyle?

A

A lifestyle that features little to no physical activity

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20
Q

What are the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle on physical health?

A
  • ⬆️ chance of CHD
  • ⬆️ chance of high blood pressure
  • Bones get weaker
  • Poor fitness levels
  • Poor posture
  • ⬆️ chance of obesity
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21
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of Coronary Heart Disease?

A

Lack of exercise leads to a build up of fat in the arteries

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22
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of High blood pressure?

A

Due to increased pressure

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23
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of obesity?

A

Any excess energy will be stored as fat
—> ⬆️ Weight

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24
Q

How does a sedentary lifestyle increase the chance of Diabetes?

A

Without enough exercise the body doesn’t produce enough insulin

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25
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* make **bones weaker**?
Body's bone density will ⬇️due to lack of exercise
26
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* promote **poor fitness levels**, therefore **Increasing the chance of injury**?
Tiring more easily, suffering muscle damage
27
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* promote **poor posture**?
Leads to muscle & skeletal damage
28
What are the *consequences* of a **sedentary lifestyle** on **emotional health**?
* Low confidence * ⬆️ Stress * Poor body image
29
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* increase the chance of **low self esteem/confidence**?
Lack of energy ---> More likely to be overweight
30
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* increase **Stress**?
Dwelling on stress as to getting rid of them through sport
31
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* promote **poor body image**?
Lack of exercise ---> possibly being overweight or extremely underweight
32
What are the *consequences* of a **sedentary lifestyle** on **Social health**?
* Loneliness & Isolation * Less chances to make friends
33
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* promote **Loneliness & Isolation**?
Having less people to talk to ---> ⬆️ feelings of loneliness & isolation
34
How does a *sedentary lifestyle* create **less chances to make friends**?
Can result in someone not going out as much ---> Gives less opportunities to make friends
35
What is a **Balanced diet**?
Contains the best ratio of nutrients to match your lifestyle
36
What are the *components* of a **balanced diet**?
* Carbohydrates * Proteins * Lipids * Vitamins * Minerals * Fibre * Water
37
What are *fats* also known as?
Lipids
38
What *molecules* are **fats** made from?
Fatty acids
39
What are the *purpose(s)* of fat?
* Keeps body warm * Protects organs * Provides us with energy
40
Name some foods where **fats** are found?
* Butter * Cheese * Nuts * Treats * Fried foods
41
Why are **fats** most suitable for **endurance athletes**?
Fats are used for energy when stores of carbs run low. However, they are released very slowly
42
What do *carbohydrates* provide to *muscles* during physical activity?
Energy
43
What are the *types* of **Carbohydrates**?
Simple & complex
44
Give an example of a *simple carbohydrate*
Sugar
45
What does *simple carbohydrates* provide the body with?
Immediate, short burst of energy
46
Give an example of a *complex carbohydrate*
Starch (from bread, pasta etc)
47
What does *complex carbohydrates* provide the body with?
Slow release of energy
48
Give an example of **foods** where **simple** carbohydrates are found
* Cakes * Biscuits * Fruits
49
Give an example of **foods** where **complex** carbohydrates are found
* Rice * Banana * Potatoes * Breads
50
What's the *purpose* of **Fibre**?
* Keeps digestive system to work smoothly * Prevents constipation
51
Name some foods where **Fibre** is found?
* Bread * Oats * Brown rice * Vegetables
52
What does having a *good digestive system* mean?
Your body gets all the nutrients it needs from food ---> Your healthy and can do physical activity
53
What *molecules* are **proteins** made from?
Amino acids
54
What is the purpose of *Protein*?
* Allows muscles & body tissues to grow and repair itself * Provides energy when body's fat & carbohydrates stores are depleted
55
Name some foods where **Protein** is found?
* Meat * Fish * Eggs * Beans
56
What is the purpose of *Vitamins*?
Vital in keeping the body functioning well and preventing disease
57
Give some examples of *vitamins*
* Vitamin A * Vitamin D * Vitamin C
58
What is *Vitamin A* used for in the body?
Needed for growth and vision
59
What is *Vitamin C* used for in the body?
Heals wounds & helps immune system
60
What is *Vitamin D* used for in the body?
Needed for strong bones ---> Helps to prevent injury
61
Name some foods where **Vitamins** are found?
* Fruits * Eggs * Veg * Milk
62
What is the purpose of *Minerals*?
* Needed for healthy bones & teeth * Builds other tissues * increases the efficiency of carrying O2 to muscles & allows it to contract repeatedly
63
Name some foods where **Minerals** are found?
* Meat * Veg * Cheese * Milk
64
What is **Calcium** used for in the body?
Strong bones & teeth
65
What is **Iron** used for in the body?
Making red blood cells in the body
66
How much of the human body is made up of water?
75%
67
Name some liquids where **water** is found?
* Water * Other liquids
68
What is the purpose of *water*?
* Needed for chemical reactions in the body * Sweat - Help you cool down when temperature rises
69
What are some *effects* of dehydration
* Blood thickening * Muscle fatigue & cramps * Rise in body temp - can cause heat strokes Kidneys can build up w/ dangerous nitrates
70
To stay the **same weight**, what should the proportions of calories eaten & calories burned be?
Calories eaten == Calories burned
71
To **gain weight**, what should the proportions of calories eaten & calories burned be?
Calories eaten > Calories burned
72
To **lose weight**, what should the proportions of calories eaten & calories burned be?
Calories eaten < Calories burned

GCSE OCR Physical Education (6 decks)

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