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GCSE OCR Physical Education > Paper 2 - Sports Psychology > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Sports Psychology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is a motor skill?

A

A coordinated pattern of movements acquired through practice towards an intended outcome

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2
Q

What is a skilful movement?

A

One in which a predetermined objective is accompanied with maximum efficiency with a minimum outlay of energy

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3
Q

Ability

A

Natural

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4
Q

Skills

A

Learnt

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Skilful movement?

A
  • Efficiency
  • Pre-determined
  • Coordinated
  • Fluent
  • Aesthetic
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6
Q

What does being efficient mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

Means the performer can complete the skill with no wasted energy

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7
Q

Give a sporting example of being efficient

In terms of a skilful movement

A

A good swimming technique
—> helps you to swim faster + for longer

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8
Q

What does being pre-determined mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

Means the performer will practice/preform the skill with an aim in mind

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9
Q

Give a sporting example of being pre-determined

In terms of a skilful movement

A

Gymnast will know her routine before she starts

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10
Q

What does being co-ordinated mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

Performer uses 2 or more parts of the body together to get the maximum effort

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11
Q

Give a sporting example of being co-ordinated

In terms of a skilful movement

A

A footballer jumping to strike the ball on the volley

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12
Q

What does being **fluent* mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

A skilled athlete is able to flow confidently from one skilled movement to another

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13
Q

Give a sporting example of being fluent

In terms of a skilful movement

A

A rugby player picking up the ball in one fluid movement

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14
Q

What does being **aesthetic* mean, in terms of skilful movements

A

The performer makes the skill look good

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15
Q

Give a sporting example of being aesthetic

In terms of a skilful movement

A

Dancer preforming a pirouette in a routine

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16
Q

What ways can skills be classified as?

A
  • Open
  • Closed
  • Simple
  • Complex
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17
Q

What is the environmental continuum?

A

Skills can be classifies on how much they are affected by the sporting environment

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18
Q

What is an open skill?

A
  • Skills affected by the environment
  • A performer has to react and adapt to external factors
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19
Q

Give an example of an open skill

A

A pass in football

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20
Q

What is an closed skill?

A
  • Skills that are not affected by the environment
  • Always preformed in the same predictable environment - not affected by external factors
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21
Q

Give an example of a closed skill

A

A golf swing

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22
Q

What is the difficulty continuum?

A

Skills can be classified on how difficult or complex the movement is

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23
Q

What is a simple skill?

A

Straightforward, basic skills with hardly any decisions

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24
Q

How do simple skills need to be taught?

A

Can be taught as a whole skill by repeating the skill

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25
What is a **complex** skill?
The skill involves many decisions or judgements to make
26
How do **copmplex** skills need to be taught?
Must be learned in stages
27
What is **goal setting**?
Setting targets that you want to reach
28
Give some reasons on why you would want to *set goals* | In terms of training
* Setting goals helps you stick to your training programme * Helps training by giving you something to aim for, motivates you to work hard + keeps you enthusiastic * Helps to improve performance
29
What does **SMART** stand for
Specific Measurable Achievable Recorded Timed
30
What does it mean by **specific**?
* Goals must be clear & focused * The goal should be directly related to the skill
31
What does it mean by **measurable**?
* Goals must be measured so that the athlete can see if they have achieved the goal or not * Should also be assessed to see how well the performer has done
32
What does it mean by **achievable**?
* Goal should be challenging but still within the performers capacity * Unrealistically hard or easy goals can demotivate the player
33
What does it mean by **recorded**?
* Goals should be wrote down before the athlete begins working towards them * They should write down any progress towards them each week until they hit their goal/ timeframe of their goal
34
What does it mean by **timed**?
* Goals should have a set time in which they should be completed * All goals should have an end point with shorter goals being set on the way to the larger goal
35
Name some **mental preparation techniques**
* Imagery * Mental rehearsal * Selective attention * Positive thinking
36
What is **imagery**?
Involves going through the activity in your mind to form a mental image of the skill being preformed ---> Performer will picture themselves executing a skill
37
What is **mental rehearsal**?
Imaging the feeling in the muscles when perfectly preforming a skill or mentally rehearsing the skills needed
38
What is **positive thinking**?
Telling yourself positive things that will motivate you or reassure you that you can preform well
39
What is **selective attention**?
Involves the performer focusing on their concentration on what they are doing or about to do, blocking out all distractions
40
What are the *types* of **guidance in sport**?
* Visual * Verbal * Mechanical * Manual
41
What is **visual guidance**?
When the performer sees the skill being preformed or practised
42
What are some *examples* of **visual guidance**?
* Demonstrations * Images * Videos
43
What is the **advantages** of **visual guidance**?
* Good method for visual learners * Good method for complete beginners who may not understand terminology * Shows the learner what it should look like
44
What is the **disadvantages** of **visual guidance**?
Demonstration must ne accurate or it could be learnt incorrectly
45
What is **verbal guidance**?
Given by an observer after watching you preform ---> Feedback needs to be constructive in order to help the performer improve ---> Feedback must be specific w/ accurate terminology
46
What are some *examples* of **verbal guidance**?
* Coaching points relating to technique * Feedback from the coach * Peer feedback
47
What is the **advantages** of **verbal guidance**?
* Good way of communicating clear information quickly * Can be used successfully w/ visual guidance
48
What is the **disadvantages** of **verbal guidance**?
* Needs to be short & simple for beginners & younger athletes * Too much info can cause boredom or confusion * Performers must understand basic terminology first
49
What is **manual guidance**?
Used when a skill is dangerous or complex ---> Involves coach physically guiding or supporting the athlete
50
How would you provide **manual guidance** to a **gymnast**?
Supporting a gymnast while doing a somersault
51
What is the **advantages** of **manual guidance**?
* Builds confidence * Reduces risk of injury * Allows the performer to 'feel the skill'
52
What is the **disadvantages** of **manual guidance**?
* Learner could become dependant on support * Proximity of the coach can cause issues for either
53
What is **mechanical guidance**?
When a piece of equipment or an aid is used to help a performer learn/practise a potentially dangerous skill
54
How would you provide **mechanical guidance** to a **trampolinist**?
Using a harness to aid them in preforming a somersault for the first time
55
What is the **advantages** of **mechanical guidance**?
* Builds confidence * Reduces risk of injury * Allows the performer to 'feel the skill'
56
What is the **disadvantages** of **mechanical guidance**?
* Learner could become dependant on support * The feel of the movement can be different to the actual movement
57
What are the *types* of **feedback in sport**?
* Positive * Negative * Extrinsic * Intrinsic * Knowledge of performance * Knowledge of results
58
What is **positive feedback**?
Usually given to the preformer following a successful outcome
59
Which *type* of **participants** will benefit from **positive feedback** the most?
New participants - form of encouragement
60
What is an *example* of a **football coach** using **positive feedback**?
Coach saying well done after scoring a successful goal
61
What is **negative feedback**?
Usually given to the preformer following an unsuccessful outcome
62
Which *type* of **participants** will benefit from **negative feedback** the most?
Elite athletes - will be able to take it as constructive criticism
63
What is an *example* of a **football coach** using **negative feedback**?
Coach telling player that shot was played w/ too much power
64
What is **Intrinsic feedback**?
Feedback is felt by the actual preformer as they carry out the skill or a performance ---> Physical feel of the movement as its been preformed
65
What is an *example* of a **high diver** using **intrinsic feedback**?
High diver will know how well they did based on how the movement felt
66
What is **Extrinsic feedback**?
Feedback is provided by external sources, either during or after a performance
67
What is an *example* of a **golfer** using **extrinsic feedback**?
Golfer will know how they played based on reactions from the crowd & golfers caddy
68
Who will usually provide **Extrinsic feedback**?
* Coaches, teachers, teammates * Things the preformer can see (e.g. instant video replay)
69
What is an *example* of a **100m sprinter** using **knowledge of performance**?
Would use this feedback following a race qualifier
70
What is **knowledge of performance**?
Focusses on how well the athlete preformed (including the quality of movement & skills involved)
71
What is **knowledge of results**?
Focusses on the result at the end of the performance or the outcome of the movement (includes performers score, time or position @ the end of an event)
72
What is an *example* of a **100m sprinter** using **knowledge of results**?
Marathon runner would use this feedback throughout the race ---> To see if they are running at an appropriate pace for them to reach their desired times

GCSE OCR Physical Education (6 decks)

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