Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sketchy Medical > Parasites: Protozoa of the Blood > Flashcards

Parasites: Protozoa of the Blood Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List the protozoa of the blood

A
  1. Trypanosoma Cruzi
  2. Babesia
  3. Plasmodium Malariae
  4. Plasmodium Ovale
  5. Plasmodium Vivax
    Plasmodium Falciparum
  6. Leishmania Braziliensis
  7. Leishmania Donovani
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chagas Disease

A

a parasitic blood infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“kissing bugs”

A

“kissing bugs” bite around the mouth and deposit feces contaminated with Trypanosoma cruzi, which can later be introduced by scratching the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by the

A

reduviid or “kissing bug”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chagas disease can lead to

A
  1. an abnormal dilation of the colon (megacolon)
  2. myopericarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy
  3. megaesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diagnosis of Chagas disease can be made by

A

observation of trypomastigotes (bloodstream form of Trypanosoma cruzi) on microscopic examination of blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diagnosis of Chagas heart disease can be made by observation of

A

trypanosomes within cardiac myocytes on microscopic examination of heart biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi infects the heart by

A

burrowing into the endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_________ is effective against Trypanosoma cruzi

A

nifurtimox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

babesiosis is a

A

tick-borne illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the Ixodes tick (the vector of Babesia spp.) is a

A

deer tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Babesia spp. can cause

A

hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

babesiosis can present with

A

jaundice (usually later in the course of illness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _____ ____ is the vector of Babesia

A

Ixodes tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

babesiosis often presents with

A
  1. irregular fevers

2. irregularly cycling fevers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______ ______ ____ is a risk factor for severe babesiosis

A
  1. sickle cell disease

2. asplenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thick blood smear in Babesia spp. infection will show

A

intracellular and extracellular ring forms and classic tetrad “Maltese Cross” forms inside RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Babesia spp. protozoa can have a

A

tetrad “Maltese Cross” appearance inside RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Babesia spp. protozoa are predominantly found in the

A

northeastern region of the United States

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_______ is effective against Babesia spp.

A
  1. atovaquone

2. azithromycin (a macrolide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Plasmodium spp. parasites can be visualized on

A

thick or thin blood smear prepared with Giemsa stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plasmodium malariae infection presents with a

A

quartan fever cycle (72 hrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plasmodium vivax and ovale produce

A

dormant hypnozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dormant hypnozoites

A

hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Plasmodium vivax and ovale infections present with
a tertian fever cycle (48 hrs)
26
Plasmodium falciparum infection presents with
an irregular fever pattern
27
RBCs parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum can occlude the
1. capillaries of the brain, leading to cerebral malaria 2. vessels of the kidneys 3. vessels of the lungs
28
Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes appear
banana-shaped on peripheral blood smear
29
Antimalarial agents
1. chloroquine 2. primaquine 3. mefloquine 4. Proguanil 5. quinine/quinidine
30
the treatment for malaria involves
chloroquine, which blocks Plasmodium heme polymerase
31
Chloroquine blocks
plasmodium heme polymerase
32
because the hypnozoites of Plasmodium vivax and ovale lie dormant in hepatocytes so _____ _____ is not an effective treatment
chloroquine alone
33
Treatment of plasmodium vivax and ovale infections
primaquine is used in addition to chloroquine
34
primaquine is used in addition to chloroquine in cases of Plasmodium vivax and ovale infections because
it can destroy hypnozoites in the liver
35
mefloquine is effective against
resistant strains of Plasmodium spp.
36
_________ should be used prophylactically by travelers visiting regions where Plasmodium spp. are resistant to chloroquine
1. mefloquine | 2. atovaquone-proguanil
37
Quinone antimicrobial agent
atovaquone
38
atovaquone-proguanil is effective against
resistant strains of Plasmodium spp.
39
Artemisinins
a class of antimalarial agents
40
both artemisinins and atovaquone-proguanil can be used for
severe Plasmodium falciparum infection
41
____ ______ ____ is protective against Plasmodium falciparum
sickle cell disease/trait
42
_____ ______ is used in the case of severe malaria infection
IV artesunate
43
________ is effective against resistant strains of Plasmodium spp.
quinine (or quinidine)
44
a side-effect of quinidine is
cinchonism, including tinnitus
45
_______ and _____ are delivered IV for severe malaria
artesunate and quinine (or quinidine)
46
Anopheles mosquitoes carry
Plasmodium spp. sporozoites in saliva
47
once an Anopheles spp. mosquito vector takes a blood meal
once an Anopheles spp. mosquito vector takes a blood meal (and introduces Plasmodium spp. sporozoites into human hosts), the sporozoites mature into merozoites in the liver
48
in the liver, merozoites of Plasmodium spp
rupture from hepatic schizonts (and hepatocytes), which enter the bloodstream where they infect RBCs
49
the Plasmodium life cycle continues in
the Plasmodium life cycle continues in RBC: trophozoite → schizont → merozoites (which rupture from schizont and RBC) → infect more RBCs
50
immature trophozoites of Plasmodium spp. appear as
ring forms inside RBCs
51
merozoites of Plasmodium spp. are capable of
initiating sexual development (gametocytes)
52
vertebrates are the hosts of
Leishmania braziliensis
53
Leishmania braziliensis can cause
cutaneous leishmaniasis, which presents with papules and plaques that progress to ulcerative lesions
54
________ are the vector of Leishmania braziliensis
sandflies
55
______ are the non-flagellated intracellular form of Leishmania spp., which can be found within macrophages
amastigotes
56
numerous amastigote nuclei of Leishmania donovani can be seen in
the cytoplasm of macrophages on microscopy
57
Leishmania donovani causes
visceral leishmaniasis (also called black fever or kala-azar)
58
a characteristic feature of visceral leishmaniasis
a characteristic feature of visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani) is spiking fever
59
visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani) affects
the bone marrow, which can lead to pancytopenia
60
a characteristic feature of visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani) is
hepatosplenomegaly
61
treatment of leishmaniasis includes
stibogluconate
62
__________ is used in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania donovani)
amphotericin B

Sketchy Medical (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions