Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sketchy Medical > Viruses: RNA Negative Sense Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses: RNA Negative Sense Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

List the RNA negative sense viruses

A
  1. Influenza
  2. Measles
  3. Mumps
  4. RSV
  5. Parainfluenza
  6. Rabies
  7. Ebola
  8. Hantavirus
  9. California Encephalitis Virus
  10. Rift Valley Fever Virus
  11. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
  12. Rotavirus
  13. Colorado Tick Fever Virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the RNA negative sense virus families

A
  1. Orthomyxoviridae
  2. Paramyxoviridae
  3. Rhabdoviridae
  4. Filoviridae
  5. Bunyaviridae
  6. Arenaviridae
  7. Reoviridae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Influenzavirus

A
  1. negative sense
  2. RNA virus
  3. Orthomyxoviridae
  4. enveloped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

viruses in the Orthomyxoviridae family

A

Influenzavirus A, B, and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

orthomyxoviruses (i.e. Influenzavirus) replicate

A

inside the nucleus of host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the genomes of orthomyxoviruses (i.e. Influenzavirus) are comprised of

A

8 RNA segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antigenic drift of orthomyxoviruses

A

antigenic drift of orthomyxoviruses (i.e. Influenzavirus) occurs due to point mutations in the viral genome, leading to changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins (antigenic drift is associated with epidemics (i.e. the seasonal flu))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antigenic shift of orthomyxoviruses

A

antigenic shift of orthomyxoviruses (i.e. Influenzavirus) occurs when segments of the genomes from different viruses (or strains of a virus) combine to form a novel genome, which results in variations of virulence factors such as hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (antigenic shift is associated with pandemics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the genomes of orthomyxoviruses (i.e. Influenzavirus) can

A

the genomes of orthomyxoviruses (i.e. Influenzavirus) can undergo significant genetic changes due to reassortment of the RNA segments (antigenic shift), resulting in variations of virulence factors such as hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the antigenic variation exhibited by orthomyxoviruses (i.e. Influenzavirus) occurs as a result of

A

genetic drift and genetic shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Influenzavirus possesses

A

the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA), which promotes viral entry into host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the hemagglutinin (HA) of Influenzavirus

A

the hemagglutinin (HA) of Influenzavirus binds host cell sialic acid residues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a variety of hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins are expressed by influenza viruses

A

a variety of hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins are expressed by influenza viruses; H1, H2, and H3 are seen in influenza viruses that infect humans (the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein determines cell tropism (or what cells influenza viruses are able to infect))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the M2 proton channel of Influenza A virus

A

the M2 proton channel of Influenza A virus regulates hydrogen ion concentration around the virus, producing the proper pH for viral uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

amantadine/rimantadine

A

amantadine/rimantadine inhibit the M2 proton channel of Influenza A virus, impeding viral uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Influenzavirus possesses neuraminidase (NA)

A

Influenzavirus possesses neuraminidase (NA), which cleaves sialic acid residues, leading to release of the virus from host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nfluenzavirus possesses the _________ enzyme

A

neuraminidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oseltamivir/zanamivir (Tamiflu)

A

oseltamivir/zanamivir (Tamiflu) (an antiviral agent that can inhibit neuraminidase (NA) of Influenzavirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

oseltamivir/zanamivir (Tamiflu) inhibit

A

neuraminidase (NA), preventing the release of Influenzavirus from the host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Influenzavirus is transmitted via

A

respiratory droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

______ vaccine can be administered to prevent Influenzavirus infection

A
  1. a killed injectable vaccine

2. intranasal live vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

______ is a major complication of influenza

A

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

patients are more susceptible to _________ during or after Influenzavirus infection

A

patients are more susceptible to pneumonia caused by bacterial pathogens (such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) during or after Influenzavirus infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_______ is contraindicated in children with viral illnesses, such as influenza, due to possible development of Reye’s syndrome

A

aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Reye's syndrome can present with
encephalopathy, fatty liver change, and hepatic failure
26
Reye's syndrome has been linked with
aspirin use during a viral illness, such as influenza
27
the influenza vaccine is associated with
Guillain-Barre syndrome, which classically presents with ascending paralysis
28
Paramyxoviridae
1. negative sense 2. RNA viruses 3. enveloped
29
paramyxoviruses include
1. measles virus 2. mumps virus 3. respiratory syncytial virus 4. parainfluenza virus
30
paramyxoviruses (i.e. measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus) are transmitted via
respiratory droplets
31
the MMR vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine administered to prevent
measles, mumps, and rubella
32
________ is a contraindication for the MMR vaccine
pregnancy
33
measles virus
1. negative sense 2. RNA viruses 3. enveloped 4. paramyxoviridae
34
measles is sometimes referred to as
rubeola
35
measles can present with
1. cough 2. coryza 3. conjunctivitis 4. Koplik spots 5. fever over 40 °C (104 °F)
36
Koplik spots appear as
small bluish-white spots on the buccal mucosa and are pathognomonic of measles
37
the maculopapular rash seen in measles
1. starts on the face and moves inferiorly | 2. likely to be confluent
38
______ is a complication of measles
pneumonia
39
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare complication of measles characterized by progressive brain inflammation
40
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a serious complication of the
measles
41
measles virus possesses
1. the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA), which promotes viral entry into host cells 2. fusion protein, which plays a role in the formation of syncytia (or multinucleated giant cells)
42
________ reduces the risk of complications of the measles
Vitamin A
43
mumps virus
1. negative sense 2. RNA viruses 3. enveloped 4. paramyxoviridae
44
mumps virus replicates in the
parotid salivary glands, which results in parotitis
45
mumps infection can progress to
1. orchitis in men (the testicular inflammation is more commonly unilateral) 2. meningitis
46
the MMR vaccine includes
live attenuated mumps virus
47
mumps virus possesses
1. the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA), which promotes viral entry into host cells 2. fusion protein, which plays a role in the formation of syncytia (or multinucleated giant cells) 3. neuraminidase, which cleaves sialic acid residues, leading to release of the virus from host cells
48
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
1. negative sense 2. RNA viruses 3. enveloped 4. paramyxoviridae
49
RSV commonly affects
infants less than 6 months of age
50
RSV infects
respiratory epithelial cells via G protein attachment
51
RSV is the most common cause of
pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
52
respiratory syncytial virus possesses
usion protein, which plays a role in the formation of syncytia (or multinucleated giant cells)
53
_______ can be used to treat RSV infections
ribavirin
54
__________ is used to prevent RSV disease in high risk children
palivizumab (a monoclonal IgG antibody)
55
parainfluenza virus
1. negative sense 2. RNA viruses 3. enveloped 4. paramyxoviridae
56
parainfluenza virus is the cause of
croup, which is characterized by a “barking” cough (often compared to the call of a seal)
57
parainfluenza virus possesses
parainfluenza virus possesses the virulence factors hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and fusion protein
58
chest X-ray of patients with croup may show
chest X-ray of patients with croup may show the “steeple sign,” which occurs due to subglottic trachea narrowing
59
______ is a common cause of inspiratory stridor
croup
60
rabies virus
1. negative sense 2. RNA 3. Rhabdoviridae 4. enveloped
61
the capsule of viruses in the Rhabdoviridae family (i.e. rabies virus) appears
bullet-shaped on electron microscopy
62
the capsid of viruses in the Rhabdoviridae family (i.e. rabies virus) is
helical
63
______ are the number one carrier of the rabies virus in the United States
bats
64
_____ are common carriers of the rabies virus
1. skunks 2. raccoons 3. foxes
65
a rhabdovirus glycoprotein binds
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
66
a rhabdovirus glycoprotein binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the
postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction
67
the rabies virus travels
1. retrograde along peripheral nerves to the CNS | 2. to the dorsal root ganglia before spreading to the brain
68
the rabies virus replicates in
motor neurons
69
rabies can present with
fever, foaming of saliva, and encephalitis
70
eosinophilic Negri bodies are pathognomonic for
rabies and can be seen in neural tissue upon microscopy
71
Negri bodies are commonly found in
hippocampal pyramidal nerve cells infected with the rabies virus
72
Negri bodies can be found in
Purkinje cells infected with the rabies virus
73
eosinophilic Negri bodies can be found in
Purkinje cells infected with the rabies virus
74
_______ should be administered after exposure to the rabies virus
passive immunization should be administered after exposure to the rabies virus
75
_______ should be administered after exposure to the rabies virus for development of active immunity
an inactivated (killed) vaccine should be administered after exposure to the rabies virus for development of active immunity
76
Filoviruses
1. ebolavirus | 2. marburgvirus
77
Filoviruses
1. RNA Virus 2. Negative Sense virus 3. enveloped
78
the capsids of filoviruses (i.e. Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus) are
helical
79
Marburg virus
1. RNA Virus 2. Negative Sense virus 3. enveloped 4. Filoviridae
80
Ebola virus
1. RNA Virus 2. Negative Sense virus 3. enveloped 4. Filoviridae
81
Marburg virus and Ebola virus infections may present with
petechial rash and fever
82
Marburg virus and Ebola virus can cause
hemorrhagic fever
83
hemorrhagic fever caused by Marburg virus or Ebola virus can result in
end-organ failure
84
Marburg virus and Ebola virus infections can lead to
hypovolemic shock
85
Marburg virus and Ebola virus are likely transmitted via
primates
86
_____ may be a reservoir for Marburg virus and Ebola virus | Symbols
bats
87
healthcare workers who care for patients infected with Marburg virus or Ebola virus are at a high risk of
infection
88
bunyaviruses include
1. hantavirus 2. California encephalitis virus 3. Rift Valley fever virus
89
bunyaviruses (i.e. hantavirus, California encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus) are
1. RNA viruses 2. Negative sense 3. enveloped
90
bunyaviruses (i.e. hantavirus, California encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus) obtain their envelopes from
the Golgi body membrane of host cells
91
the genomes of bunyaviruses (i.e. hantavirus, California encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus) are comprised of
three circular RNA segments
92
hantavirus
1. RNA viruses 2. Negative sense 3. Bunyaviruses 4. enveloped
93
hantavirus (an RNA virus in the Bunyaviridae family) is transmitted via
the feces, urine, and saliva of rodents
94
hantavirus infection may lead to
pulmonary edema due to increased capillary permeability
95
hantavirus infection may cause
hypotension leading to prerenal azotemia or acute renal failure
96
hantavirus may cause
hemorrhagic fever
97
California encephalitis virus and Rift Valley fever virus
1. RNA viruses 2. Negative sense 3. Bunyaviruses 4. enveloped
98
California encephalitis virus and Rift Valley fever virus infections can lead to
encephalitis and seizures
99
_______ is the vector of California encephalitis virus and Rift Valley fever virus
the Aedes mosquito
100
most bunyaviruses (i.e. California encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus) are
arboviruses (viruses that are arthropod-borne); an important exception is hantaviruses, which are rodent-borne
101
arenaviruses include
are RNA viruses
102
arenaviruses
1. RNA virus 2. Negative Sense 3. enveloped 4. helical capsid
103
arenaviruses (i.e. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) are often classified as
negative-sense RNA viruses (but also harbor sections of positive-sense RNA)
104
arenaviruses (i.e. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) possess both positive and negative-sense RNA sections, making them
ambisense
105
the genomes of arenaviruses (i.e. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) contains
two RNA segments
106
arenaviruses (i.e. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) appear
grainy when visualized by electron microscopy
107
_____ are the reservoir for arenaviruses (i.e. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus)
rodents
108
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
an ambisense RNA virus in the Arenaviridae family
109
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection may lead to
aseptic meningoencephalitis
110
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection may present with
fever
111
arenaviruses (i.e. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) can be inactivated by
1. heat | 2. irradiation
112
reoviruses include
1. Rotavirus | 2. Colorado tick fever virus
113
Reoviruses
1. RNA 2. Negative sense 3. naked viruses
114
the genomes of reoviruses (i.e. Rotavirus, Colorado tick fever virus) is comprised of
an average of 11 RNA segments (but can be anywhere between 9-12)
115
reoviruses (Rotavirus, Colorado tick fever virus) are
double-stranded RNA viruses (and therefore are both positive- and negative-sense)
116
Rotavirus
a double-stranded RNA virus in the Reoviridae family
117
Rotavirus infection can present with
watery diarrhea
118
the NSP4 enterotoxin of Rotavirus
1. causes secretory (watery) diarrhea | 2. increases chloride permeability, which results in secretory diarrhea
119
the peak incidence of Rotavirus gastroenteritis occurs in
winter
120
____ are at increased risk for Rotavirus infection
children
121
Rotavirus is the number one cause of
severe diarrhea in young children
122
Colorado tick fever virus
a double-stranded RNA virus in the Reoviridae family
123
Colorado tick fever virus infection can present with
vomiting, fever, and myalgias
124
the treatment for Rotavirus gastroenteritis is
oral rehydration therapy and supportive care
125
the rotavirus vaccine
the rotavirus vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that is administered orally
126
the rotavirus vaccine can cause
the rotavirus vaccine can cause intussusception (telescoping of the bowel) that can lead to bloody diarrhea and bowel necrosis

Sketchy Medical (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions