part 1

Question 1

As BP increases so does the risk of what 4 things?

Answer 1

MI
heart failure
stroke
renal disease

Question 2

BP = ?

Answer 2

CO x SVR (systemic vascular resistance)

Question 3

How does the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) effect BP?

Answer 3

• activation increases HR and cardiac contractility
• vasoconstriction and renin release
• increases CO and SVR

Question 4

How do baroreceptors (part of SNS) influence BP?

Answer 4

• sense stretching

- send impulses to sympathetic vasomotor center

Question 5

How does vascular epithelium influence BP?

Answer 5

• platelet adhesion
• coagulation regulation
• immune function
• regulation of fluid control
• regulation and maintenance of vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances

Question 6

How does the renal system regulate BP?

Answer 6

• control sodium excretion and ECF volume
• RAAS
• A-II results in remodeling of vessel walls resulting in primary hypertension
• prostaglandins
• Natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP)
• creatinine (0.7-1.4)

Question 7

How does the endocrine system influence BP?

Answer 7

• epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla
• aldosterone from adrenal cortex
• ADH from posterior pituitary

Question 8

How do we diagnose hypertension?

Answer 8

2 or more readings accurately performed on both arms on 2 separate occasions

Question 9

What is another name for primary hypertension?

Answer 9

-essential or idiopathic

Question 10

Elevated BP without a specific cause

Answer 10

Primary HTN

Question 11

What percent of all cases is primary hypertension?

Answer 11

90-95%

-exact cause is unknown but there are several contributing factors