part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
- elevated with a specific cause
- 5-10% of adult cases
- clinical findings relate to underlying cause
- treatment aimed at removing or treating cause
A
secondary HTN
2
Q
- persistently increased SVR
- abnormalities in any mechanisms involved in maintenance of normal BP
A
patho of primary HTN
3
Q
What are some risk factors for HTN?
A
age alcohol tobacco DM elevated lipids excess sodium gender (women post menopause) obesity family history ethnicity sedentary SES stress
4
Q
- genetic link
- water and sodium retention: high sodium intake
- altered RAAS mechanism
- stress and increased SNS activity
- insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
- endothelial dysfunction
A
patho of HTN
5
Q
Why is HTN called the silent killer?
A
HTN is usually asymptomatic until target organ damage
6
Q
What are some possible symptoms of severe hypertension?
A
-fatigue
-dizzy
-palpitations
-angina
-dyspnea
nosebleeds
7
Q
What are the most common complications of hypertension?
A
- heart disease
- cerebrovascular disease
- peripheral vascular disease
- nephrosclerosis
- retinal damage
8
Q
What complications are associated with hypertensive heart disease?
A
- CAD
- left ventricular hypertorphy
- heart failure
9
Q
What complications are associated with cerebrovascular disease (brain)?
A
atherosclerosis
10
Q
What complications are associated with PVD?
A
- aneurysm
- dissections
- intermittent claudication
11
Q
What complications are associated with kidney nephrosclerosis?
A
Labs:
- albuminuria
- proteinuria
- microscopic hematuria
- elevated serum creatinine > 1.5
- BUN
12
Q
What complications are associated with retinal damage?
A
- blurring of vision
- retinal hemorrhage
- loss of vision
