part 3 Flashcards
1
Q
How is HTN diagnosed?
A
- BP measurement (2 separate occasions)
- urinalysis
- BUN and creatinine
- creatinine clearance
- electrolytes and glucose
- lipid profile
- uric acid levels
- ECG
- Echocardiogram
2
Q
What is ABPM?
A
- ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
- automated system for taking BP
- noninvasive and taken throughout the day
- pt needs to keep arm still and keep diary
- decreases white coat syndrome
3
Q
What are some lifestyle modifications pts can use to decrease HTN?
A
- weight loss: loss of 22 lbs can decrease SBP by 5 to 20
- DASH eating plan
- physical activity
- less than 1500 mg/day sodium
4
Q
How does nicotine cause HTN?
A
causes vasoconstriction
-smoking cessation reduces risk factors within 1 year
5
Q
Why does Low SES cause HTN?
A
- social isolation
- lack of support
- stress
- negative emotions
6
Q
What reading indicate a hypertensive crisis?
A
- SBP >180
- DBP >110
7
Q
- develops over hours to days
- may not require hospitalization
A
hypertensive crisis
8
Q
- very severe problems can occur if prompt treatment is not obtained
- rate of rise is more important than absolute value
A
hypertensive emergency
9
Q
What are the causes of a hypertensive crisis?
A
- renovascular hypertension
- drugs
- MAOI’s taken with tyramine-containing foods
- rebound HTN from abrupt withdrawal of meds
- head injury
- acute aortic dissection
- preeclampsia, ecalmpsia
- pheochromocytoma
10
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of HTN crisis?
A
- hypertensive encephalopathy: headache, N/V, seizures, confusion, coma
- renal insufficiency
- cardiac decompression
- MI, HF, pulmonary edema
- aortic dissection
11
Q
What is an appropriate MAP?
A
65
-this will allow for profussion to vital organs
12
Q
What is the leading cause of kidney disease?
A
HTN
