Part 1 - Conquered and Conquerors - angevin empire Flashcards
(22 cards)
1
Q
Edward the confessor?
A
- became king in 1042 after his half brother - cnuts son - died
- had strong trade links with normans - but had no children
- when he died in 1066 - rush for throne witih strong contenders willing to fight
2
Q
Who was William Duke of Normandy?
A
- close friend of edward
- claimed he had been promised the throne - claimed harold godwinson agreed to support his claim
3
Q
Who was Harold Hadrada?
A
- viking ruler of norway and denmark
- claimed he should be englands king as vikings had controlled england for many years
4
Q
Who was Harold Godwinson?
A
- most powerful man in england - was actually english
- good soldiers - supported by the witan (council of countries most powerful nobles)
5
Q
What happened after edwards death?
A
- witan elected harold godwinson as king - crowned him immdeiately
- did not stop hadrada and william planning invasions
6
Q
What happened at stamford bridge?
A
- hardrada was first to invade
- defeated by kign harold at battle of stamford bridge in near york - september 1066
7
Q
What happened at battle of hastings?
A
- king harold rushed south to fight william of normandy who had landed on south coast of england
- king harold defeated in battle of hastings - 14 october 1066
8
Q
What happened on christmas day 1066?
A
william duke of normandy crowned king
9
Q
How did King Wiliiam control the english?
A
- william faced rebellions - put down fiercely
- gave normans land in return for loyalty/support
- gave each norman baron and lord retinues
- gave supporters top jobs in church
- encouraged barons to build castles to control whole of england
10
Q
How did England change under normans?
A
- french customs introduced
- french became language of those in power
- normans built hundreds of new churches, cathedrals and monasteries
11
Q
What happened after william the conqueror died?
A
- william died in 1087
- norman kingdom divided up between his two eldest sons
- youngest son henry got nothing until william II died in 1100 - henry became king of england
- defeated his brother in 1106 and became duke of normandy
12
Q
Who did henry want to rule when he died?
A
- henry wanted his daughter matilda to rule when he died - married her to powerful french lord - Goeffrey of Anjou
- when henry died powerful noble stephen seized the throne - henrys nephew and grandson of william conqueror
13
Q
What happened after stephen became king?
A
- next 19 years - series of battles between matilda and stephen
- 1153 - agreement reached where matildas son henry II would become king when stephen died
- stephen died in october 1154 - henry II became king
14
Q
Henry’s empire?
A
- henry II inherited land from both his mother and father - he was duke of normandy, count of anjou, count of maine
- married french duchess eleanor of aquitaine in 1152 - gave him control of lands stretching to spain
- married off his son to the Duchess of Brittany so gained control brittany - large powerful region in north france
15
Q
Invasion of Ireland 1166?
A
- most kings hadnt considered ireland - little wealth - not worth invading
- 1166 - “king “ Dermot of Leinster asked Henry to help him beat another Irish king
- knights and barons sent to help used it as opportunity to seize land themselves - soon English settlers controlled more land than Irish
- Henry visited Ireland in 1171 - was recognised as its overlord by both English and Irish
- developed dublin into centre of trade and commerce - give henry extra money
16
Q
Effects of henry developing angevin empire?
A
- owning angevin empire allowed englands trade to develop
- made it easier for english merchants to trade with a variety of european merchants
- created opportunity for trade beyond Europe e.g. middle east - silks and spices
- included area called gascony in aquitaine - famous for growing grapes and producing wine - england able to make lots of money from wine trade
17
Q
What happened after Henry II died?
A
- henry died in 1189 - replaced as king by son richard - remained king of england until 1199
- spent long periods of his reign in france or on crusades - lost land in france to king philip II
18
Q
What happened when richard died?
A
richard died in 1199 - younger brother john became king
19
Q
How did John lead to collapse of Angevin empire?
A
- John was weak ruler - philip II of france saw a chance to take back land in france from the english
- Philip claimed John’s nephew, Arthur was rightful King of England - series of battle between them - arthur stabbed and thrown into river seine
- philip II attacked angevin empire - seized back Brittany, Normandy, Anjou and Maine
- military reputation was so bad john called “john softsword”
20
Q
What happened after John retured to england?
A
- john returned to england after defeats in france - started to tax people heavily to raise money to pay for yet more battles
- after another defeat in france in 1914 - barons decides to take action - taxes were higher than ever - french lands no longer under johns control - by now he only had control over gascony
21
Q
What did the barons do?
A
- barons raised army and marched to london - john needed their support to stay in power - he agreed to their demands
- 1215 - john signed magna carta which promised to respect rights of barents and stop unfair taxes
22
Q
1216?
A
- john dies - marks end of angevin empire
