Part 2 - Looking West - War of independence + Flashcards
(16 cards)
1
Q
Long term reasons why tension grew between england and america
A
- america had strong colony that didnt rely on britain - strong feeling amongst colonists they could exist separately from britain
- navigations acts 1651-73 - colonists only allowed to trade with britain
- monopoly of trade just with britain restriced goods to america
2
Q
Medium term reasons why tension grew between england and america
A
- colonists had no representatives in british parliament - didnt want to pay taxes without say in parliament
- stamp act 1765 - tax on paper used for official documents
3
Q
Short term reasons why tension grew between england and america
A
- boston tea party december 1773 - colonists poured tea into harbour in protest at tax on tea - britain closed port down and banned town meetings - further angered americans
- 1774 - 56 representatives from colonies met at first congress in philadelphia - decision made to fight british - war of independence began
4
Q
War of independence?
A
- british sent soldiers to force american rebels to stay loyal - met by fierce resistance
- july 1775 - george washington appointed leader of american army
- july 1776 - congress met again and formally declared themselves independent
- britain condeded its loss 3rd september 1783
5
Q
A
6
Q
impact of Britain losing its American colonies?
A
- 30,000 fatalities during war - cost of war £80m - debts
- britain soon trading with america again
- Australia was now used as penal colony - 185,000 sent there
- Once Britain lost America - switched focus to India and Africa
7
Q
Huguenot migration to britain?
A
- france experiences religious civil wars between 1560s and 1590s
- french protestsant - huguenots - migrated to britain
8
Q
August 1572?
A
- St Bartholomews day massacre - thousands french protestants killed
- many french protestant migrate to britain
9
Q
1572-98?
A
- queen elizabeth I makes england welcome place to hugeunots
- ministers invite hugeunot craftsmen to work in england
10
Q
1598?
A
- french king henri IV issues bill of rights for hugeunots called edict of nantes
- grants freedom to practice religion without fear
11
Q
1685?
A
french king louis XIV tears up edict of nantes - protestant ministers given choice to become catholic or leave
- huguenots officially heretics - face persecution - 50,000 escape to england
12
Q
Impact of hugeunots?
A
- established businesses in communities all over england
- transformed existing british industries
- started new industries - by 1710s huguenot expertise meant britain had 200 paper mills - 70% of britain paper market
13
Q
Ulster plantations?
A
- king james I sent protestants from scotland/england in early 1600s to help control ulster
- most irish people saw this as invasion - population grew rapidly as thousands of settlers arrived bringing their own customs and religion
14
Q
jacobite rebellions?
A
- highlanders mostly catholics and jacobites - jacobite rebellions 1715 and 1745
- jacobites defeated at battle of culloden in 1746 - monarch George I wanted to reduce power of highlanders
15
Q
highland clearences?
A
- engelish began removing all oppositon - got rid of scottish chiefs and clans that did not support george I
- known as highland clearences
16
Q
Effects of scottish clearences?
A
- thousands of highlanders evicted from home - many starved to death
- most forced to move to towns and vities in lowlands to look for work - many more migrated into england and to countrie such as canada and america
- those that left scotland became known as scottish diaspora - contributed to growth of british empire
