- often happens during birth - Encephalitis, herpetic (vesicular) lesions

- Mom: Chancre (1) and disseminated rash (2) --\> likely to infect - baby: Hydrops fetalis, facial dry/wrinkling/yellow-brown, notched teeth/Hutchinsons, saddle nose, saber shins, CN8 DEAFNESS, hemorrhagic rhinitis (blood out of nose)

Part 1: Microbio Diagnosis Flashcards by Allison Kay

3 causes of Neonatal meningitis

1) Group B strep (agalactiae)
2) E. coli
3) Listeria moncytogenes

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-Virus that causes Hydrops fatalis in neonate

Parvovirus, B19

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Congenital Toxoplasma gondii (ToRCHHeS)

triad: Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial califications*

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Congenital Rubella (ToRCHHeS)

Triad: PDA, Cataracts, deafness -maybe “blueberry muffin” rash

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Congenital CMV (ToRCHHeS)

Hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, “blueberry muffin” rash -mom: maybe has mono-like illness

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HSV-2 (ToRCHHeS)

often happens during birth
Encephalitis, herpetic (vesicular) lesions

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HIV (ToRCHHeS)

Recurrent infxns, chronic diarrhea, thrush, Interstitial pneumonia

-Give mom Pre-natal Prophylax: ZDZ, AZT: retroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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Syphillis (ToRCHHeS)

Mom: Chancre (1) and disseminated rash (2) –> likely to infect
baby: Hydrops fetalis, facial dry/wrinkling/yellow-brown, notched teeth/Hutchinsons, saddle nose, saber shins, CN8 DEAFNESS, hemorrhagic rhinitis (blood out of nose)

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Dominant flora: Skin

Staph epidermidis

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Dominant flora: Nose

S. epidermidis, colonized by Staph Aureus

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Dominant flora: Oropharynx

Viridans group streptococci

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Dominant flora: Dental plaque

Streptococcus mutans

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Dominant flora: colon

Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

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Dominant flora: Vagina

Lactobacillus (gram + anaerobes, killed off by AB use), colonized by E. Coli and Group B strep/aglactiae

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Food psn: Contaminated seafood/oysters –> diarrhea

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio vulnificus (can also cause would infxns from contact w contaminated water or shellfish) - think of the fisherman who is VULNerable to hand infxns and has diarrhea

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Food psn: Reheated rice

Bacillus cereus (starts quickly, ends quickly)

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Food psn:Meats, mayonnaise, custard; preformed toxin

Staph aureus (starts quickly, ends quickly)

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Food psn: Reheated meat dishes

Clostridium perfingens (the one that also causes gas gangrene, gross! Meat - fleshy wounds…war, etc)

-“LATE ONSET food psn/diarrhea” bc the spores are ingested, germinate in the GI, and then make toxin

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Food psn: Improperly canned foods (the can is bulging)

Clostridium botulinum (toxin)

spores in honey

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Food psn: Undercooked meat

EHEC (kid eating the hamburer!)

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Food psn: Poultry, meats, eggs

Salmonella

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Bugs that mimic appendix

Yersenia entercolita (mesenteric adenitis)

Salmonella (nontyphoidal)

Campylobacter jejuni

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Bloody diarrhea: comma,S shaped. Grows at 42C

Campylobacter jejuni

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Bloody diarrhea: Lactose neg, flagellar motility, has animal reservoir, esp poultry and eggs, produces H2S

Salmonella

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Bloody diarrhea: Lactose neg, very low ID50; Human reservoir only

Shigella: Shiga toxin low ID50: doesn't take many bugs (only like 10!) to cause infxn

Bloody diarrhea: but not invasive. O157:H7

EHEC --\> SLT. Can cause HUS stool: erythryocytes but no leukocytes

Bloody diarrhea: Invades colonic mucosa

EIEC

Bloody diarrhea: day-care outbreaks, pseudoappendicitis

Yersinia enterocolitica (causes pediatric diarrhea, think of the puppy poop!)

Bloody diarrhea: protozoan

Entamoeba histolytica

Watery diarrhea: Traveler's diarrhea

E. coli (ETEC). ST and LT toxins

Watery diarrhea: comma-shaped organism; rice water diarrhea

Vibrio cholera

Watery darrhea: Can also cause bloody\*\* diarrhea

C. diff --\> Pseudomembranous colitis Toxin A (binds cell causes malabsorption diarrhea) Toxin B (kills the cell --\> pseudomembrane formation)

Watery diarrhea: also causes gas gangrene

Clostridum perfringens \<-- food poisoning from reheated meat

Watery diarrhea: protozoan

Giardia lamblia Cryptosporidium (esp in AIDS)

Watery diarrhea: viruses

Rotavirus (reo-virus) Norovirus (Calcivirus)

Neonate Pneumonia (\<4 weeks)

- 1) Group B strep (agalactiae) - 2) E. coli

Children Pneumonia (4weeks-18yrs)

Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum - 1) RSV (paRamyxovirus) - Mycoplasma - Chlamydia trachomatis (weird) - Chlamydia pneumoniae (school-age children) - Strep pneumo (Virus, atypicals, strep pneumo)

Younger adults pneumonia (18-40 yrs)

Mycoplasma Chlamydia pneumoniae Step pneumo

Older adults Pneumonia (40-65 yrs)

Step pneumo H. flu Anaerobes Viruses Mycoplasma

Elderly pneumonia

Step pneumo Influenza virus\*\* Anaerobes H. flu Gram-neg rods

Pneumonia: Nosocomial (hospital acquired)

Staphylococcus (think MRSA) Enteric gram-neg rods

Pneumonia: Immunocompromised

Staphlycoccus enteric gram-neg rods Fungi Viruses PCP (in AIDS)

Pneumonia: Aspiration

Anaerobes, Klebsiella

Pneumonia: Alcoholic/IV drug user

Step pneumo Klebsiella Staphlycoccus

Pneumonia: Cystic Fibrosis

Pseudomonas S. aureus Strep pneumo

Pneumonia: Postviral

Staphlycoccus H. flu Strep pneumo

Pneumonia: Atypical

Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia (Chlamydophila psittaci)

Neonate Meningitis (\<4 weeks)

-Group B strep E. coli Listeria

Children Meningitis (6mo-6yr)

Step pneumo Neisseria meningitidis H. flu (type B - see in un-immunized children) Enteroviruses (Echovirus, Coxackievirus)

Adults Meningitis (6-60yrs)

Step pneumo N. meningitidies (#1 in teens) Enteroviruses HSV

Elderly meningitis (60+)

Step pneumo Gram-neg rods Listeria

Viruses that cause meningitis

Enteroviruses (esp Coxsackie, Echovirus) HSV-2 (HSV-1 = temporal lobe encephalitis) HIV West Nile virus VZV

Bacterial Meningitis: CSF - Opening pressure - Cell type - Protein - Glucose

- Opening pressure: Incr - cell type: PMNs\*\*\* - Protein: incr - Glucose: DECR (bacteria eating it!)

Fungal/TB Meningitis: CSF - Opening pressure - Cell type - Protein - Glucose

- Opening pressure: incr - cell type: Lymphocytes - Protein: incr - Glucose: decr (remember how candida uses glucose to cause yeast infxns?)

Viral Meningitis: CSF - Opening pressure - Cell type - Protein - Glucose

- Opening pressure: Normal/Incr - Cell type: Lymphocytes - Protein: nl/incr - Glucose: NORMAL

Osteomyelitis: Assume if no other info given Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

Staph aureus

Osteomyelitis: Sexually active Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare) - septic arthritis more common

Osteomyelitis: Diabetics and IVDU Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

Pseudomonas Serratia

Osteomyelitis: Sickle cell Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

Salmonella (encapsulated)

Osteomyelitis: Prosthetic replacement Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

S. aureus S. epidermidis

Osteomyelitis: Vertebral ds Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

TB (Potts)

Osteomyelitis: Cat or dog bites, scratches Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

Pasteurella multocida

Endocarditis in IV drug users

--\> Right sided heart failure (tricuspid valve) - #1: Staph aureus - #2 Pseudomonas - septic embolization --\> Pulmonary hemorrhagic infarct also candida assoc w IV drug use, endocarditis

Part 1: Microbio Diagnosis Flashcards

(63 cards)