Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BB Quiz1 Semi > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Used to prevent immunization to D antigen

A

Rh Immune globulin (RhIG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cannot be used in weak-D typing due to its composition as IgM

A

Saline reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Newborn test that is not needed unless the cause of HDFN is in question

A

Elution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rh blood group that you can transfuse to Rh positive patient

A

Rh + and Rh -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amniocentesis or Chorionic villus sampling can be performed as early as

A

10-12 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Usually a combination of monoclonal anti-D reagents from different clones (due to D antigen with many epitopes) to ensure reactivity with broad
spectrum of Rh positive RBCs

A

Monoclonal Antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Recommended interval of RhIG administration for Non-immunized Rh negative mothers w/ Rh + fetus after delivery

A

72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During hemolysis, IgG coated RBCs are removed from the circulation by the

A

Littoral cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During antenatal RhIG immunization, DAT may result ___ in newborn

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

have been linked to production of high tittered IgG ABO antibodies and severe HDFN during pregnancy (2 pts)

A
  1. Tetanus toxoid administrations
  2. helminth parasite infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rh antibodies are produced after exposure to foreign RBCs via (2 pts)

A

transfusion and pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

method Used for massive Fetomaternal hemorrhage

A

Fetal Screen Rosette Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: First born is unaffected with Rh HDFN due to the mother hasn’t been immunized.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reagent that Can cause false positives

A

High protein anti D reagent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much bilirubin can
cause “Kernicterus” or brain tissue damage

A

18-20mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True of False: RhIG can be use for mother with a D-negative infant

A

False; RhIG is not for mother with a D-negative infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rh typing reagent that contains IgM immunoglobulins

A

Saline reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

method for fetomaternal hemorrhage wherein Maternal blood is smeared and treated with acid and then stained with counter stain

A

Kleihauer-Betke test – Acid Elution stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

antibody screening should be done during

A

first trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True of False: History of past transfusions or pregnancies is
unrelated to the occurrence and severity of ABO HDFN

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False; ABO incompatibility of the newborn and mother can cause HDFN

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

appearance of Rh antibodies during primary exposure

A

within 120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why does saline reactive reagent CANNOT be use in weak D typing?

A

Because saline active reagent composes IgM that are too big to recognized small amounts of Rh antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In HDFN, Anemia develops due to

A

hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Occurs when IgG attaches to specific antigens on
the fetal RBCs

A

Hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ABO HDFN is always limited to A or B infants with what blood type of mother

A

O mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Severe anemia and hypoproteinemia leads to
development of high-output cardiac failure with
generalized edema, effusions, and ascites which results to

A

Hydrops fetalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or False: ABO HDFN can occur in first pregnancy and in
any pregnancy

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Most potent antigen

A

D-antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

reticuloendothelial system rapidly clears RBCs coated with these IgG class

A

IgG1 and IgG3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When was High-Protein anti-D reagents developed

A

1940s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In Kleihauer-Betke test – Acid Elution stain, Fetal Cells remain

A

pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Give 5 Factors to consider during HDFN

A
  1. antigenic exposure
  2. Host factors
  3. Influence of ABO group
  4. Immunoglobulin Class
  5. Antibody Specificity
34
Q

RBC destruction happens mostly

A

extravascular

35
Q

In making monoclonal antibody, Antibody producing cells are hybridized with this cells to increase reproduction

A

myeloma cells (Why? because myeloma cells are capable of unlimited growth (can divide indefinitely w/ B cells) thus, produces antibodies that resembles normal antibodies

36
Q

These could be observed microscopically in ABO HDFN

A

-Microspherocytes
-Increased RBC fragility

37
Q

positive result for Fetal Screen Rosette Method

A

The indicator cells surrounds the fetal cells

38
Q

True of False: incidence of D immunization is less in mothers with major ABO compatibility with the fetus

A

False; major ABO INCOMPATIBILITY

39
Q

reported first case of HDFN

A

Levine and Stetson

40
Q

ABO HDFN is observed via hyperbilirubinemia and
jaundice within

A

12-48 hours of birth

41
Q

This has been used to identify D-positive DNA in the peripheral blood from preterm and full term D-negative newborns

A

PCR testing

42
Q

Effects of maternal antibody to the fetus:

A
  1. hemolysis
  2. anemia
  3. increase indirect bilirubin
43
Q

True or False: A person with single Rh antibody cannot produce additional Rh antibodies if further stimulated

A

False; A person with single Rh antibody canproduceadditional Rh antibodies if further stimulated

44
Q

Low protein based and can be used to test cells that are already coated with IgG antibody

A

Saline reactive

45
Q

The ability of an individual to produce antibodies in
response to antigenic exposure varies, depending on
complex genetic factors

A

Host factors

46
Q

True or False: First born is unaffected with Rh HDFN due to the mother has been immunized.

A

False; HASN’t been immunized

47
Q

what do the scientist chemically modified for the chemically modifed reagent in 1970s?

A

IgG anti D molecule

48
Q

UK RhIG Regular-dose vial contains about

A

100 ug

49
Q

True or False; Small amount of Fetomaternal bleeding occurs in all pregnancies

A

True

50
Q

RhIG IV preparations in USA contains

A

300ug per vial

51
Q

True or False: Monoclonal antibodies are derived from humans

A

False; Not a human derived therefore cannot transmit infectious disease

52
Q

most important test for diagnosing HDFN

A

Direct Antiglobulin Test

53
Q

bilirubin-induced neurological damage

A

Kernicterus

54
Q

True or False: IgA are formed during second exposure and can be routinely tested?

A

False; IgA can form but are extremely rare and not routinely tested

55
Q

When do Rh antibodies during secondary exposure appears

A

2-7 days

56
Q

Exposure of D antigen to Rh positive RBCs can stimulate antibody production with just how many ml of rh + rbcs?

A

0.1 ml

57
Q

RhIG Should be given early in the

A

3rd trimester (28 weeks gestation)

58
Q

Other causes of FMH that triggers alloimmunization (Give 3)

A

Ectopic pregnancy
 Spontaneous abortion
 Elective abortion
 Fetal death
 Chorionic villus sampling
 Amniocentesis
 Fetal blood sampling
 Delivery
 Abdominal trauma
 Placental abruption

59
Q

derived from single clones of antibody-producing cells

A

Monoclonal Antibody

60
Q

How did the scientists chemically modify the IgG anti-D molecule?

A

breaking the disulfide bonds

61
Q

Subclass of IgG that can more efficiently transport across placenta

A

IgG1 and IgG3

62
Q

True of False: HDFN happens when there is a Destruction of RBCs of the fetus or neonate by antigens produced by the mother

A

False; HDFN is due to the Destruction of RBCs of the fetus or neonate by ANTIBODIES produced by the mother

63
Q

During Fetal DNA testing, these can be performed as early as 10-12 weeks gestation to determine whether the fetus has the gene for D antigen

A

Amniocentesis or Chorionic villus sampling

64
Q

True of False: Rh HDFN is due to the fetus inherited the Rh of the mother but the father is Rh negative

A

False; Due to the fetus inherited the Rh of the father but the mother is Rh negative

65
Q

High-Protein anti-D reagents potentiators that enhance reactivity (2 pts)

A
  1. bovine albumin
  2. macromolecular additives (dextran or polyvinyl
    pyrrolidone)
66
Q

Relative concentration of all antibodies capable of crossing the placenta and causing HDFN is determined by

A

Antibody Titers

67
Q

caused severe HDFN that
required intervention and treatment

A

Anti-E and Anti-c

68
Q

US RhIG regular-dose vial – protects against

A

15ml of packed RBCs or 30 ml WB

69
Q

First available typing reagent to test the D antigen.

A

Saline reactive

70
Q

True of False; RhIG is no benefit if the person has already been passively immunized

A

True

71
Q

Newborn tests:

A
  1. ABO typing
  2. Rh typing
  3. DAT
  4. Elution
72
Q

For detemination of fetomaternal hemorrhage, A maternal sample should be collected within ___ and screened.

A

1hour of delivery

73
Q

T or F; Based on the grandmother effect theory, If the D-negative female fetus that was exposed to D-positive mother female reaches adulthood, she may produce anti-D before or early in her first pregnancy

A

T

74
Q

cause significant increase in maternal antibody titers during pregnancy

A

Fetomaternal hemorrhage

75
Q

macromolecular additives of High protein anti D reagent (2 pts)

A

dextran or polyvinyl
pyrrolidone

76
Q

Organs that contributes to Extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

spleen and liver

77
Q

Advantages of High protein anti D reagent

A
  1. reduced incubation time
  2. can perform
  3. weak-D testing
  4. polyspecific
78
Q

With IgG anti-D (from pooled human plasma with
high-titer D-specific antibody)

A

High-Protein anti-D reagents

79
Q

Rh antibody production reaction includes (4 pts)

A
  • unexplained fever
  • mild bilirubin elevation
  • decrease hemoglobin & haptoglobin
  • DAT (+)
80
Q

Reagents for antigens other than D

A

Can be:
1. low-protein (monoclonal or polyclonal or blends)
2. High-protein based

81
Q

Rate of destruction of RBCs during HDFN depends on: (2 pts)

A
  1. antibody titer specificity and 2. number of antigenic sites on the fetal RBCs
82
Q

maternal plasma can be tested for fetal DNA to determine genotype during what trimester

A

Second

BB Quiz1 Semi (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions