part 2 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are the clinical manifestations of TB?
coughing blood sputum feeling weak night sweats weight loss
What type of precaution is TB?
airborne: particles can remain suspended for minutes to hours
- not spread by physical contact
- gram positive
- aerobic
- acid fast bacillus (AFB)
- disproportionally in the poor, underserved, and minorities
TB
What is the hallmark of a TB infection?
- Ghon lesion
- seen on x ray
- formation or a granuloma which is a defense mechanism to prevent further spread
- bacteria inhaled which starts an inflammation reaction
- active disease within 2 years of infection
- reinfection after 2 years post initial infection (reactivation)
primary TB
- positive skin test but asymptomatic
- cannot transmit to others
- may develop later in life
latent TB infection
What are some complications of TB?
- scaring/cavitation of lungs
- millary TB: mycobacterium spreads to bloodstream
- pleural TB
- pott’s disease: TB in the spine which destroys vertebrae
- bacterial meningitis
- peritonitis
- infections: kidneys, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and urogenital tract
What is the gold standard of bacteriologic studies for TB?
AFB
-this is 3 consecutive studies (sputum) collected at 8-24 hour intervals with 1 early morning sputum sample
How do you diagnose TB via Mantoux TB skin test?
- -read 48-72 hours later
- induration: palpable raised, hardened area or swelling (not redness)
Which diagnostic TB study is not affected by bacille calmette-guerin vaccine?
interferon-y release assay
After beginning treatment how long is a person with TB infectious for?
first 2 weeks after starting treatment
What are some important care tips for someone with TB?
- restrict visitors and avoid public transportation
- avoid public places
- hand washing
- oral hygiene
