participatory culture, queer activism, and youtube

Question 1

convergence can be defined as…

Answer 1

the migration of stories, characters, and worlds across platforms or technologies

Question 2

convergence culture is driven by [1], as corporations [2]

Answer 2

1. capitalism
2. seek to make as much money as possible out of their intellectual property

Question 3

participtory culture decribes…

Answer 3

the activities of non-professionals

Question 4

participaraty culture activities are generally…

Answer 4

not profit-oreiented

Question 5

henry jenkins is a major theorist of…

Answer 5

convergence and participatory culture

Question 6

jenkins argues that… (2)

Answer 6

1. convergence actually takes place in the minds of audience members
2. convergence requires an audience to recognize a character/story across platforms

Question 7

the old model of consumer culture thought of audiences as…

Answer 7

consumers who simply absorbed content passively, content was made by large companies like film studios

Question 8

newer models of consumer culture tend to emphasize [1], giving audiences more [2]

Answer 8

1. how sctive fans are
2. agency

Question 9

Important distinction to make is between audiences interacting with corporate intellectual property and

Answer 9

those who produce intellectual property not based on commercial media

Question 10

the degree to which fan products can be [1] has changed

Answer 10

disseminated (the online forum)

Question 11

Jenkins thinks its inaccurate to be technological determinist, but accurate to think of systems that involve [1] alongside [2] and [3] that shape and surround them

Answer 11

1. technology
2. social and cultural communities
3. legal/political/economic factors

Question 12

modes of online participation can be broken down into

Answer 12

materials (what’s produced) and skills/values

Question 13

what are the 3 pieces of evidence of democratization?

Answer 13

1. low cost/skill needed for technology
2. technology avalible remotely
3. amateur creating/sharing as a norm

Question 14

what are the 3 major types of barriers to participation?

Answer 14

1. costs
2. demographic factors (race, age, gender, etc)
3. no one really knows how search engines rank materials

Question 15

what are Juhasz’ 5 main conclusions?

Answer 15

1. Youtube promotes the popular rather than being democratic
2. Prioritizes things that are easy and will keep us watching, rather than things that will challenge us
3. Reinscribes the distinction between the professional and the amateur
4. Structure makes true dialogue difficult
5. It is DIY but not punk - it isn’t easy to be radically anti-establishment

Question 16

sangeet kumar writes that the ranking of hots is firmly linked to…

Answer 16

financial processes, not just what you search for/actually want to see

Question 17

Joceline anderson analyzes how fan producers adapt

Answer 17

aesthetics to protect their content from being removed from youtube

Question 18

Joseph Delon writes about the archive of home videos shot by…

Answer 18

nelson sullivan in the 70s/80s

Question 19

its hard to say that any video is entirely non-commercial bc…

Answer 19

The commercial and non-commercial are very much entangled

Question 20

main authors of queer rep in film have been…

Answer 20

queer people working outside of mainstream channels

Question 21

In the context of participatory culture, one of the most foundational moments of contemporary fan productivity is

Answer 21

slash fiction

Question 22

slash fiction is defined as:

Answer 22

narratives that pair “same sex characters that in the parent narrative are avowedly or assumedly heterosexual”

Question 23

with slash fiction, original texts may be adapted, but the communication still happens through…

Answer 23

capitalist media content

Question 24

singapore’s statute 377A made what illgeal?

Answer 24

sexual acts between two men

Question 25

when was 377A repealed?

Answer 25

2022`

Question 26

elijah tay yiting's work is close to the...

Answer 26

ideal of participatory culture

Question 27

contrast between yiting's original work and what they produce now is an example of

Answer 27

professinalization, transition from lower to higher production values and a different kind of marketability - the marketability of the polished rather than the “authentic”

Question 28

foregin sponsorship of Pink Dot ended in 2017 bc...

Answer 28

of the new govt order that barred foreign companies from supporting the event

Question 29

what are the 4 major factors as to why pink dot's video production is so powerful?

Answer 29

1. boo jungfeng directed them between 2009-2013 2. role of google as a sponsor and their control of search engines 3. uses footage of the in-person event 4. crowdsourced footage

Question 30

crowdsourced video raises the question of control in which 2 ways?

Answer 30

1. apparently grant ordinary people creative input and an opportunity for self-representation 2. has been argued that participatory culture has become an empty signifier often used in very superficial ways by all kinds of groups that want to entice our participation but don’t want to give up any real control