Particles and Radiation

Question 1

Charge (C) of a proton

Answer 1

+1.60x10^-19

Question 2

Charge (C) of a neutron

Answer 2

0

Question 3

Charge (C) of an electron

Answer 3

-1.60x10^-19

Question 4

Mass (kg) of a proton

Answer 4

1.67x10^-27

Question 5

Mass (kg) of a electron

Answer 5

9.11x10-31

Question 6

Mass (kg) of a neutron

Answer 6

1.67x10-27

Question 7

Relative charge of a proton

Answer 7

Positive, +1

Question 8

Relative charge of a neutron

Answer 8

Neutral, 0

Question 9

Relative charge of a electron

Answer 9

Negative, -1

Question 10

Relative mass of a proton

Answer 10

1

Question 11

Relative mass of a neutron

Answer 11

1

Question 12

Relative mass of an electron

Answer 12

0.0005 or 1/2000

Question 13

equation for speecific charge

Answer 13

charge/mass

Question 14

What is an isotope

Answer 14

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 15

describe Nuclide Notation

Answer 15

A=Nucleon number
X=element symbol
Z=proton number

Question 16

what forces act on nucleons in a nucleus

Answer 16

Electromagnetic force, Gravitational force, Strong nuclear force

Question 17

for what range is the strong nuclear force most attractive

Answer 17

0.5fm to 3fm

Question 18

when is the strong nuclear force repulsive

Answer 18

closer than 0.5fm

Question 19

what is nuclear decay

Answer 19

when unstable nuclei emit particles to become more stable

Question 20

What happens to the nucleon and proton number in alpha decay, what particle is emited.

Answer 20

nucleeon number decreases by 4
Proton number decreases by 2
an alpha particle with nucleon number of 4 and proton number of 2 is released

Question 21

what happens to the nucleon and proton number in beta minus decay, what particle is emited

Answer 21

nucleon number remains the same
proton number increases by 1
a electron is emited from the nucleus along with an electron antineutrino

Question 22

List the 7 electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing frequency

Answer 22

1-Radio waves
2-Micro-waves
3-Infra-red waves
4-Visible Light
5-Ultra-Violet light
6-X-Rays
7-Gamma Rays

Question 23

equation for the energy of one photon in j

Answer 23

E=hf
h=planck’s constant 1.63x10-34
f=frequency of light in Hz

Question 24

equation for frequency in Hz

Answer 24

f=c/wavelength

c=speed of light in a vacuum 3.00x10^8

Question 25

what is another equation for the energy of one photon

Answer 25

E=hf=hc/wavelength

Question 26

What is an antiparticle

Answer 26

each particle has an antiparticle with the same mass and rest energy but with the opposite charge (if charged)

Question 27

what is the Rest energy of a proton

Answer 27

938.3MeV

Question 28

what is the rest energy of a neutron

Answer 28

939.6MeV

Question 29

what is the rest energy of a electron

Answer 29

0.511MeV

Question 30

what is Pair Production

Answer 30

when energy is converted into mass you get equal ammounts of matter and antimatter

Question 31

what is the minimum energy needed in Mev for pair production

Answer 31

2x the rest energy of the particle type prroduced in MeV

Question 32

what is annihilation

Answer 32

when a particle and its antiparticle meet all the mass of the particle and antiparticle are converted back to energy in the form of two gamma ray photons

Question 33

what is the minimum energy of photon produced by annihilation

Answer 33

the rest energy of particle type annihilated in MeV

Question 34

what is a hadron

Answer 34

a hadron is a particle that can feel the strong nuclear force, such as protons and neutrons.

Question 35

what are the two types of hadrons

Answer 35

baryons and mesons

Question 36

what is the only stable baryon

Answer 36

a proton

Question 37

what is the baryon number of a baryon

Answer 37

+1

Question 38

what is the baryon number of an antibaryon

Answer 38

-1

Question 39

what does a neutron decay into

Answer 39

a proton an electron and a antineutrino

Question 40

what is the other type of hadron (not baryon)

Answer 40

Meson

Question 41

what are mesons made up of

Answer 41

pions and kaons

Question 42

what do kaons decay into

Answer 42

pions

Question 43

what is the exchange particle of the strong nuclear force

Answer 43

Pions

Question 44

what are cosmic ray showers

Answer 44

when cosmic rays interact with molecules in the atmosphere and produces lots of high energy particles such as pions and kaons

Question 45

what are Leptons

Answer 45

Leptons are fundamental particles which do not feel the strong nuclear force

Question 46

what are the two types of lepton number

Answer 46

electron lepton number and muon lepton number

Question 47

what are muons

Answer 47

leptons which are like heavy unstable electrons wich decay into normal electrons

Question 48

what are stable leptons

Answer 48

electrons

Question 49

baryon and lepton number must always be conserved yes or no

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

what are strange particles

Answer 50

particles which have a property called strangeness

Question 51

when is strangeness conserved and when isnt it

Answer 51

strangeness is conserved in the strong interaction and it is not conserved in the weak interaction

Question 52

conservation of strangeness means strange particles can only be created in ______

Answer 52

Pairs

Question 53

what can strangeness change by in the weak interaction

Answer 53

+1, 0, -1

Question 54

what properties must be conserved

Answer 54

charge, baryon number, lepton number, strangeness (sometimes)

Question 55

what are quarks

Answer 55

they are fundamental particles, the building blocks for hadrons

Question 56

what are the three types of quarks

Answer 56

up, down, strange

Question 57

what are the properties of anit-quarks

Answer 57

the opposite of quarks ( for example if charge is +2/3 for quark anti quark has charge -2/3)

Question 58

Protons are made up of a combination of what 3 quarks

Answer 58

up up down

Question 59

neutrons are made up of a combination of what 3 quarks

Answer 59

up down down

Question 60

what combination of quarks are mesons made up of

Answer 60

one quark and one antiquark

Question 61

Pions have a a strangeness of

Answer 61

0

Question 62

kaons have a strangeness of

Answer 62

+1, or -1

Question 63

what is quark confinement

Answer 63

it is not possible to get a quark by itself

Question 64

what happens to quarks in beta minus decay

Answer 64

a down quark is changed into an up quark, a electron and an electron anti neutrino are released, this can only be done via the weak interaction

Question 65

what happens in beta plus decay

Answer 65

an up quark is changed into a down quark, a positron and a electron neutrino are released, this can only be done via the weak interaction

Question 66

what does particle physics rely on?

Answer 66

the collaboration of large teams of scientists and engineers to validate new knowledge

Question 67

what are exchange particles

Answer 67

virtual particles that exist to transfer energy momentum and other properties between two particles in an interaction.

Question 68

what is a gauge boson

Answer 68

a gauge boson is a specific exchange particle for a fundamental force

Question 69

what is the strong interaction gauge boson

Answer 69

pions

Question 70

what is the electromagnetic gauge boson

Answer 70

virtual photon

Question 71

what is the weak gauge boson

Answer 71

W+,W- bosons

Question 72

what are the four fundamental interactions

Answer 72

gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force