Parts of the Digestive System

Question 1

Oral Cavity (mouth)

Answer 1

Starts breaking down food mechanically (chewing) and chemically (enzymes in saliva)

Question 2

Esophagus

Answer 2

Connects mouth to stomach
Moves bolus (food) to the stomach via peristalsis wave (involentary movement from smooth muscle)

Question 3

Stomach

Answer 3

Holds food
Churns food and mixes it with digestive enzymes and acid (gastric juices)
Physcially and chemically breaks down food
Where protiens are broken down
Contains nerves to signal to the brain when it is full

Question 4

Small Intestine

Answer 4

Is approximately 6 metres in length, and very small in diametre
Is where most absorbtion and digestion occur
Breaks down nutrients from food and absorbs it into blood stream
Has villai and microvillai that increases the SA of the small intesine for optimal absorbtion
Three parts: Duodenum, Jejunum, and the Ileum

Question 5

Large Intestine

Answer 5

Forms and stores feces.
Absorbs the water from indigestible foods.
Approx. 1.5 metres long, and large in diametre
Four Parts: Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

Question 6

Rectum

Answer 6

Holds and stores waste materials (feces)

Question 7

Anal Canal

Answer 7

A two-inch long tube that has Two anal sphincters that control the release of feces from the anus.

Question 8

Villai

Answer 8

They line the small intestine in order to increase the surface area, helping with absorbtion of nutrients

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

Produces enzymes that help with digestion.
Detoxes blood
Produces bile (emulsifier) that helps to break down fats.

Question 10

Galbladder

Answer 10

Helps fat digestion via concentriting bile produced by the liver

Question 11

Tounge

Answer 11

Mixes food with saliva and psuhes food to the back of the mouth for swallowing

Question 12

Salavary Glands

Answer 12

6 of them (3 pairs of 2) located around the mouth.
They release saliva to help break down food (enzymes)
provides lubrication to help chew and swallow

Question 13

Teeth

Answer 13

Helps with physical breakdown but crushing it into smaller pieces

Question 14

Parts of Digestion

Answer 14

Ingestion: The inital intake of food (mouth, pharynx, esophagus)

Digestion: The break down of large food molecules into smaller ones (Stomach, small intestine)

Absorbtion: The absorbtion of nutrients from food molecules into the digestive tract (small intestine, large intestine)

Egestion: The expulsion of waste (large intestine, rectum, anus)

Question 15

Eppiglotis

Answer 15

Protects the trachea from food entering the lungs.
It closes when you swallow