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Toxicology > Past q 04.11.11 > Flashcards

Past q 04.11.11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic for mercury?

A

Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria

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2
Q

Which statement is true?

A

The Phase I reactions are catalysed only by microsomal enzymes

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3
Q

Which factor influences the presentation of toxic effect at the site of target point?

A

Both
 The blood supply of the target point
 They physico-chemical properties of the xenobiotic

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4
Q

Which substance is an alkaloid?

A

Lupinin

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5
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by butterfly toxins?

A

The hair causes keratoconjunctivitis in the eye

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6
Q

What is not characteristic of acute nitrophenol poisoning?

A 
 Blood has a cherry red colour
Characteristic:
 Salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
 The urine has a dark yellowish colour
 Elevated body temperature
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7
Q

Which statement is true for non-steroidal anti0inflamamtory drugs?

A

None of the above
Neither:
 Acetylcysteine can be used as an antidote in the case of salicylate toxicosis nor
 The toxic dose is usually lower in dogs than in cats

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8
Q

What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of zearalenone?

A

Both
 Zearalenone excreted by bile can be reabsorbed which prolongs its effect
 It is well absorbed in the body and can pass through the placenta

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9
Q

? groups or substances is taken up by pneumocytes in the ?

A

Paraquat

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10
Q

Which compounds cause perforation of gastrointestinal tract after oral intake?

A

Both
 Acids
 Alkalis

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11
Q

Which is a clinical feature of paracetamol toxicosis?

A

None of the above
Neither:
 In cats the clinical signs can be seen after 1 week nor
 Visible mucous membranes have a reddish discolouration

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12
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning by atropine-containing…?

A

Both
 Gastric lavage, activate charcoal
 Respiratory stimulants

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13
Q

What are the gross pathological findings in hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?

A

Both
 The corpse has rotten egg odour
 The blood is dark, blood clotting is prolonged

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14
Q

What is the consequence if a xenobiotic binds to the components of the blood?

A

The concentration of free molecules are decreased

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15
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Both
 The binding of xenobiotic to soluble enzyme leads to enzyme inhibition
 Biochemical processes do not start when the xenobiotic binds to the soluble enzymes

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16
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Blue star?

A

Both
 Mydriasis
 Hypotension

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17
Q

Which animal is the most sensitive to pyrethroids?

A

Fish

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18
Q

Which antidote is useful in arsenic poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol

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19
Q

What is the recommended dose of methylene blue in nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A

5 – 10 mg/kg BW

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20
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic to alpha-naphtyl-thiourea?

A

Increasing the permeability of pulmonary capillaries

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21
Q

Which is a clinical feature of paracetamol toxicosis?

A

Oedema of the cheek and limbs is frequent in cats

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22
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic for copper?

A

Causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocyte and lysosomes

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23
Q

Which is characteristic to urea?

A

Both
 Ammonia released from it is detoxified via urea cycle in the liver
 In an alkaline milieu, the released ammonia is present mainly in the non-ionic form

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24
Q

Which statement is true?

A

There are retrograde barbs on the lancet of bees

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25
What does not characterize the mechanism of action of the organochlorines?
 Certain organochlorines can influence the serotonin system Characteristic:  Non-specific CSN stimulant  The exact mechanism of action is…  Certain organochlorines inhibit the…receptors
26
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to metaldehyde?
Both  Decreasing the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synapses  Severe irritation of GI tract
26
Which plant is known to cause kidney damage?
Lamb’s quarter
26
Which is considered a ‘lethal synthesis’ in the liver?
Diazoxin is formed from diazinon
26
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning by Sweet clover?
Both  Blood transfusion  Calcium products
26
What kind of treatment would you apply in paracetamol toxicosis?
Both  Acetylcystein  Vitamin C
26
Which is a toxicosis of human source?
Industrial contaminants
26
Which substance or group of substances causes a yellow color of hair, intestinal epithelium and stomach-gut content?
Nitrophenols
26
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide?
Causes local irritation and cytotoxic anoxia
26
What is the effect of the venom of viperid snakes?
Both  Neurotoxic  Cardiotoxic
26
Which statement is true to passive diffusion?
Both  The lipid soluble and non-ionized molecules can pass through the membrane  The energy source of this process is the concentration gradient
26
What is a clinical characteristic of acute diquat poisoning?
Both  Severe diarrhea  Pronounced thirst
26
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of zearalenone poisoning?
Prostaglandin F2 alpha
26
Which compound is found in the venom of Formica spp.?
Formic acid
26
What is a clinical characteristic of acute diquat poisoning?
Both  Severe diarrhea  Pronounced thirst
27
What is the recommended dose of deferoxamine in iron poisoning?
20 mg/kg BW
27
Which clinical signs are caused by Bleeding heart?
Both  Opisthotonus  Hyper-excitability
27
Which antidote is a chelating agent?
Dimercaprol
27
Which pathological alteration is characteristic in urea poisoning?
Both  Pulmonary edema, congested lungs, liver dystrophy  High alkaline pH of rumen
27
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?
The methaemoglobin formed is not capable of transporting oxygen
27
Which statement is true?
The genetic sensitivity influences the development of teratogenic alterations
27
What may be the causes of teratogenic alterations?
Both  Lead  Organic mercury
27
Which type of accumulation is characteristic to organophosphates?
Biological accumulation
27
Which compounds causes perforation of gastrointestinal tract after oral intake?
Both  Acid  Alkalis
27
Which statement is not true for anticoagulant rodenticides?
 Their toxicity is the same after single and multiple uptake True:  Pregnant and suckling animals are extremely sensitive to them  They accumulate in the body after multiple uptake  Poisoning can happen after the ingestion of poisoned rats
27
Characteristic of the toxicokinetics of organophosphates:
Excellent absorption from the skin
27
Which drug can be used in the treatment of organochlorine poisoning
Diazepam
27
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to Redroot pigweed?
Its component decreases the amount of calcium ions in the blood
27
Which clinical signs are caused by Monkshood spp.?
Both  Salivation, nausea  Cardiac arrhythmias
27
Which animal organisms contain ciguatoxin?
Fish
27
Which statement is true to nitrate-nitrite?
Nitrate can be converted to nitrite also in infected wells and stored drinking water
27
Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic to mercury?
Binds to the sulfhydryl groups of proteins
27
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?
Both  Vasoconstrictor agents  Glucocorticoids
27
Which statement is true for metaldehyde?
During dissection acetaldehyde odour (formalin-like) can observed
27
Which compounds can be excreted in high amounts through the kidney?
Water soluble, small molecule, non-ionized
27
Which clinical feature is characteristic to nitrogen dioxide toxicosis?
Both  Sneezing  Frequent breathing
27
Which antidote can be used in arsenic toxicosis?
Both  Na thipsulphate  Dimercaprol
27
Which is a clinical feature of paracetamol toxicosis?
Neither Neither:  In cats the clinical signs can be seen after 1 week nor  Visible mucous membranes have bright reddish discoloratio
27
What is the recommended dose of fomepizole in ethylene glycol poisoning?
20 mg/kg BW
27
What is a toxicosis of natural source?
Minerals
27
What is the clinical characteristic of zearalenone poisoning?
Both  Hyperemia, and swollen vulva, mammary gland and uterus  Pseudo-pregnancy, infertility
27
Which infusion would you recommend in ethylene glycol toxicosis?
NaHCO3 and Ringer lactate
27
Which property influences the rate of passive diffusion?
Both  The lipid solubility of the compound  The thickness of the membrane
27
Pralidoxim in the case of diazinon toxicosis:
D. Has to be administered intramuscularly within 24 hrs of exposure
27
Which statement is true?
Both  The binding of agonist xenobiotic to soluble enzyme induces cell function  The binding of antagonist xenobiotic to soluble enzyme inhibits the effect of endogenous ligand
27
Which plant has a hallucinogenic effect?
Blue star
71
How would you treat xylitol toxicosis in animals?
Infusion containing glucose

Toxicology (8 decks)

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