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Toxicology > Past q2 14.10.09 > Flashcards

Past q2 14.10.09 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which clinical sign is not characteristic to nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A 
 Strychnine convulsions
Characteristic:
 Salvation, diarrhoea
 Cyanotic mucous membrane
 Ataxia
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2
Q

What is the most toxic part of Blue Star?

A

Seed

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3
Q

Which animal species is the most sensitive to atropine?

A

Both
 Cattle
 Horse

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4
Q

Which statement is true for phosphine and phosphides?

A

Both
 It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid thus enhancing its own toxicity
 The poisoning is mainly caused by phosphor hydrogen released from phosphides

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5
Q

To help restoration of normal function is characteristic of which antidote?

A

Both
 Pralidoxime
 Methylene blue

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6
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Selenium plays an important role in the antioxidant protection of the body

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7
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?

A

Both
 Glucocorticoids
 Vasoconstrictor agents

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8
Q

Which substance is an alkaloid?

A

Colchicine

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9
Q

Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the nervous system?

A

Horsetail spp.

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10
Q

Which animal species is the most sensitive to ionophore antibiotics?

A

Horse

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11
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Cycas spp.?

A

Both
 Bruising
 Cirrhosis

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12
Q

What kind of treatment would you apply in hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?

A

Both
 Antitussives
 Fresh air

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13
Q

Which antidote is useful against ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Both
 Ethanol
 Fomepizole

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14
Q

Which emetic agent is useful in cats?

A

Xylazine

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15
Q

Which is a clinical feature of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?

A

Both
 Hypovolemic shock
 Forming of haematomas

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16
Q

Which property influence the rate of passive diffusion?

A

Both
 The surface size of the membrane
 The distribution coefficient of the compound

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17
Q

Which solution is useful for increasing tubular filtration?

A

Furosemide

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18
Q

Which is a toxicosis of human source?

A

Household products

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19
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A

Both
 Vasoconstrictor agents
 Methylene blue

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20
Q

What may be the cause of teratogenic alterations?

A

Both
 X-ray radiation
 Parvovirus

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21
Q

Which compound damages the cell membrane in a non-specific way?

A

Paraquat

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22
Q

Which clinical sign is not characteristic to ethylene glycol toxicosis?

A 
 Diarrhoea
Characteristic:
 Kidney failure
 Albuminuria
 Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
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23
Q

Which pathological alteration is not characteristic in ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Liver failure
Characteristic:
 Calcium oxalate crystals are found on blood vessel walls of the brain
 Kidney failure
 Greyish line on the cutting surface of the kidney

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24
Q

After which time period are the clinical signs of Hemlock poisoning seen?

A

0.5 – 2 hours

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25
Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions?
``` Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions?  Glucoronic conjugation Belonging:  Hydrolysis  Reduction  Microsomal oxidation ```
26
Which antidote is useful in copper poisoning?
D-penicillamine
27
Which substance is found in Philodendron spp.?
Calcium oxalate crystals
28
Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions?
```  Glutathione conjugation Belonging:  Hydration  Carboxylation  Isomerisation ```
29
What is characteristic of gametic mutation?
It is realised in offsprings
30
Which of the following is the most toxic substance of plant origin?
Glycoside
31
What kind of treatment would you use in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
Both  Ionized calcium compounds  Blood transfusion
32
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to carbon dioxide?
Neither | Neither Inhibits the action of cytochrome oxydase. Nor Forms carboxyhaemoglobin.
33
Which clinical feature is characteristic to nitrogen dioxide toxicosis?
Both  Lacrimation, coughing  Difficult breathing
34
What kind of treatment would you apply in salicylate toxicosis?
Alkalising the urine with Na-bicarbonate
35
Which clinical feature is characteristic to carbon monoxide toxicosis?
Neither Neither:  The expired air has a special odour nor  Visible mucous membrane have brownish discolouration.
36
What are the gross pathological signs in paracetamol toxicosis?
Both  Necrosis in the liver, icterus  The blood has chocolate brownish discolouration
37
Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic for copper?
Causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocytes and lysosomes
38
Which laboratory finding is characteristic to zearalenone poisoning?
Which laboratory finding is characteristic to zearalenone poisoning?
39
Which clinical signs are caused by butterfly toxins?
Both  The hair of butterflies induces irritation and pruritus of the skin  Erythema and blister can be seen on the skin
40
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to fumonisins?
Both  Fumonisin B1 inhibits sphinganine-N-acetyltransferase  They inhibits calcium channels in myocardial cells.
41
Which pathological alteration is characteristic to acute poisoning by Buckwheat?
Cerebral oedema, meningitis
42
What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of aflatoxin?
Both  Aflatoxins get absorbed by passive diffusion from the small intestine, mainly from duodenum  Aflatoxin is not accumulated in the body, however, repeated uptake causes delirious effects
43
What kind of treatment would you apply in methylxanthine toxicosis?
Acidification of urine
44
Which statement is true?
They are retrograde barbs on the lancet of bees
45
Which are the clinical signs of fumonisin poisoning in swine?
Dyspnoea, open mouth breathing
46
What are the consequences of numerical aberrations caused by xenobiotics?
Both  Methaemoglobin is not capable of oxygen transport  Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract
47
Which derivative of chlorinated biphenyls can be eliminated through the kidney with more than 50%?
Biphenyl
48
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite
Both  Methaemoglobin is not capable of oxygen transport  Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract
49
Which antidote cannot be used in arsenic toxicosis?
```  Deferoxamine Can use:  Na thiosulphate  Dimercaprol  D-penicillamine ```
50
What kind of treatment would you use in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
Vitamin K1
51
What is the recommended dose of 20% ethanol in ethylene glycol poisoning?
5 ml/kg bw
52
Which statement is true?
After oral administration since can cause haemolysis, nephro- and hepatotoxicity
53
Which statement is true?
Lead can be metabolized from the bones in acidosis.
54
Which is a toxicosis of human source?
Pesticides
55
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?
Both  Vitamin C  Saline purgatives
56
Which antidote can be used in copper toxicosis?
Both  Ca Na EDTA  D-penicillamine
57
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to fumonisins?
They inhibit calcium channels in myocardial cells and thus decrease contraction of the myocardium
58
What is not characteristic to ethylene glycol?
What is not characteristic to ethylene glycol?  Intravenously applied Pralidoxime is the antidote against it Characteristic:  Slightly sweet-tasting dihydric alcohol  It is absorbed well and quickly from the gastrointestinal tract  Cats are highly sensitive to it
59
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?
Both  Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract  Methaemoglobin is not capably of oxygen transport
60
Which statement is true?
The high calcium content of feed can reduce the absorption of certain compounds
61
Which process does investigate the movement of the xenobiotic in the body?
Toxicokinetic process
62
Which is a clinical feature of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?
Acute, rice watery diarrhoea
63
What is characteristic of genotoxic carcinogens?
They do not have threshold dose.
64
Which does induce teratogenic alterations in rabbits?
Thalidomide
65
Which is a toxicosis of natural source?
Poisonous plants
66
What does experimental toxicology deal with?
Mechanism of effect, disposition and analytical procedures of chemical substances.
67
Which clinical signs are caused by poisonous lizards?
Both  Severe pain  Tachycardia
68
Which clinical feature is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?
Both  Sneezing, coughing  Ataxia
69
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to urea?
Both  It increases the serum level of sodium and potassium ions.  It decreases the level calcium ions.
70
Which statement is true?
The poisonous butterflies take up the venom from a plant during their development.
71
Which compound is found in the venom of scorpions?
Both  Phosphomonoesterase  Phospholipase A2
72
Which mould fungi produce zearalenone?
Fusarium spp.
73
What is the consequence is a xenobiotic accumulates in the tissues?
Chronic poisoning
74
Which statement is true for salicylates?
Both  They are well absorbed from the stomach and small intestine  They inhibit the aggregation of thrombocytes
75
The emetic agents are contraindicated in:
Horses
76
Which is not a clinical feature of phosphine toxicosis?
```  Bloody diarrhoea Are clinical features:  Profuse vomiting  Pulmonary oedema  Strychnine-like convulsions ```
77
Which clinical signs are caused by Rhododendron spp.?
Both  Vomiting, diarrhoea  Trembling, staggering
78
Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the cardiovascular system?
Hellebore spp.
79
Which statement is true?
Both  Aconitine causes mydriasis.  Aconitine inhibits nerve impulses in the heart.
80
Which animal species is most sensitive to Secale cornutum?
Poultry
81
Which antidote is useful in organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine sulphate
82
What are the gross pathological signs in poisoning caused by anticoagulant rodenticides?
Haematomas and haemorrhages all over the body.
83
Which plant causes damage primarily to the liver?
Groundsel spp.
84
Which compounds cause liquefaction necrosis?
Neither Neither:  Acids nor  Alkalis
85
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning by Foxglove species?
Potassium-containing electrolyte solution
86
Which antidote is a chelating agent?
Dimercaprol
87
Which is the most toxic trichothecene?
T-2 toxin
88
Which substance has enzyme induction effect?
Rifampicin
89
Rifampicin
Both  Severely irritates the epithel of the respiratory tract.  The formed nitric acid can cause serious inflammation
90
What are the clinical signs of fumonisin poisoning in horse?
Nervous syndrome
91
Nervous syndrome
Both  Salivation, vomiting  Trembling
92
When can carbon dioxide be formed? Which statement is true?
Neither Neither:  In air with smog via photochemical reactions nor  Incomplete combustion of organic compounds
93
What kind of treatment would you apply in sulphur dioxide toxicosis?
Fresh air, oxygen supplementation
94
When can carbon dioxide be formed? Which statement is true?
Neither Neither:  In air with smog via photochemical reactions nor  Incomplete combustion of organic compounds.

Toxicology (8 decks)

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