Path 2 - Final

Question 1

Accumulation of excessive CSF in the ventricular system of the brain is known as?

Answer 1

Hydrocephalus

Question 2

Where is CSF produced? How much is produced daily?

Answer 2

Choroid Plexus

500 ml

Question 3

What is the pathway for CSF flow through the brain?

Answer 3

Lateral Ventricle
3rd Ventricle
Through Interventricular Foramina of Monroe 
through Cerebral Aqueduct 
4th Ventricle 
Than outside Ventricular system through 3 openings:
- Lateral Apertures of Von Luschka (2)
- Median Aperture (Foramen Magendie) (1)

Question 4

What structure in the brain absorbs the CSF

Answer 4

Arachnoid Granulations

Question 5

No restriction of communication between ventricular system and the outside of CSF flow is known as?

Answer 5

Communicating Hydrocephalus

Question 6

T or F

Meningitis is an example of Communicating Hydrocephalus

Answer 6

True

Meningitis = swelling and decreased absorption leads to communicating hydrocephalus.

Question 7

Obstruction with no communication of CSF flow is known as?

Answer 7

Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

Question 8

Craniopharyngioma is a cause of communicating or non-communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 8

Non-communicating

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms of Increased ICP

Answer 9

HA
Nausea
Vomitting
Papilledema - swelling of optic disc

Question 10

Physical loss of brain tissue mass with no decrease of space b/c of skull is describing…

Answer 10

Brain Atrophy Diseases

Question 11

Give examples of Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo discussed in lecture.

Answer 11

1. Huntington’s Disease

2. Alzeimer’s Disease

Question 12

What neurons are affected in Huntington’s Disease

Answer 12

Striatal (midbrain) neurons

* results in enlarged ventricles.

Question 13

What are the 3 major categories of CVD

Answer 13

1. Parenchymal injuries associated with a generalized decrease in blood flow.
2. Infarction
3. Hemorrhages

Question 14

What category of CVD is least occurring? The most?

Answer 14

Least = Parenchymal injuries associated with generalized decrease in blood flow

Most = Infarction (Ischemic Stroke)

Question 15

Do most Hemorrhagic strokes occur in the epidural or subarachnoid space?

Answer 15

Subarachnoid

Question 16

What disease manifests into Lacunar Infarction

Answer 16

Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis

Question 17

Common sites for blood flow obstruction to occur leading to a stroke are where?

Answer 17

Bifurcations of arteries

• C5 where common carotid divides
• Where internal carotid divides too

Question 18

What artery in the brain is the most susceptible/vulnerable for obstruction?

Answer 18

Middle Cerebral

Question 19

“Global Hypoxic-Ischemic encephalopathy” falls under what major category of CVD

Answer 19

Generalized reduction in blood flow

Question 20

Ischemic stroke is commonly caused by?

Answer 20

Atherosclerosis

Question 21

Ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis are commonly complicated by?

Answer 21

Thrombosis

Question 22

What artery supplies 2/3rd of the brain’s blood?

Answer 22

Internal Carotid

Question 23

When an ischemic stroke happens what type of necrosis develops?

Answer 23

Liquefactive

Question 24

What is the second MC cause of Ischemic Stroke

Answer 24

Thrombo-embolism

Question 25

T or F The major source of thrombo-emboli are from the left side of the the heart

Answer 25

True *Bacterial endocarditis is also a source of thrombo-emboli

Question 26

What is amaurosis fugax?

Answer 26

- A common manifestation of TIA | - Temporary UNILATERAL loss of vision due to temporary thrombosis of the ophthalmic artery.

Question 27

What are the two types of Hemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 27

1. Intracerebral (aka parenchymal, aka hypertensive hemorrhagic stroke) 2. Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Stroke

Question 28

Subarachnodi Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for what percent of CVD

Answer 28

15%

Question 29

T or F Berry aneurysms are bigger than 1 cm

Answer 29

False no more than 1 cm

Question 30

T or F Parenchymal/Intracerebral/Hypertensive Stroke may result in Non-communicating Hydrocephalus

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is an aka for Secular Aneurysms

Answer 31

Berry Aneurysms

Question 32

What are the size of Giant Aneurysms?

Answer 32

5-7 cm

Question 33

Meningeal arteries are located where?

Answer 33

Epidural Space | - between dura mater and cranial wall