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Y2 Dermatology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

name a benign epidermal tumor

A

seborrheic keratosis

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2
Q

who commonly gets seborrheic keratosis?

A

older individuals

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3
Q

what is seborrheic keratosis?

A

a benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes

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4
Q

where do seborrheic keratosis’ normally affect?

A

face

trunk

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5
Q

what is lesser trelat sign and what can it indicate?

A

eruptive appearance of many seborrheic keratosis lesions

may indicate internal malignancy

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6
Q

name two precursors for SCC

A

bowen’s disease

actinic keratosis

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7
Q

where is bowen’s disease commonly found?

A

the legs

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8
Q

what is bowen’s disease?

A

squamous cell carcinoma in situ

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9
Q

describe the appearance of bowen’s disease

A

scaly patch with an irregular border

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10
Q

where is actinic keratosis often found?

A

the head and neck

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11
Q

what is actinic keratosis?

A

variable epidermal dysplasia

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12
Q

what virus is SCC associated with?

A

HPV 16

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13
Q

what are the two non melanocytic skin malignancies?

A

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

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14
Q

where is basal cell carcinoma found?

A

sun exposed sites

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15
Q

who is most commonly affected by BCC?

A

middle aged and elderly

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16
Q

what are the three main subtypes of BCC?

A

nodular
superficial
infiltrative

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17
Q

what is another name for infiltrative BCC?

A

morphoeic

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18
Q

where are melanocytes derived from?

A

the neural crest

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19
Q

what gene turns phaeomelai into eumelanin?

A

MC1R

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20
Q

what does one defective copy of MC1R cause?

A

freckles

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21
Q

what does two defective copies of MC1R cause?

A

red hair

freckles

22
Q

what are ephilides?

A

freckles

patchy increase in melanin pigmentation

23
Q

when do freckles develop?

A

after UV exposure

24
Q

what is another name for actinic lentigines?

A

solar lentigines

age/liver spots

25
Q

what are the four main types of melanoma?

A

superficial spreading
acral lentiginous
lentigo maligna
nodular

26
Q

what is the most common type of melanoma?

A

superficial spreading

27
Q

where is superficial spreading melanoma commonly found?

A

trunk

limbs

28
Q

where are melanocytes found in the skin?

A

DEJ of the basal layer

29
Q

what do melanocytes do?

A

synthesise melanin

transfer it to keratinocytes via dendritic processes

30
Q

where are langerhans cells found?

A

the epidermis

31
Q

what type of cells are langerhans cells?

A

dendritis

32
Q

what dermis lies just beneath the epidermis?

A

papillary dermis

33
Q

what are the two parts of the dermis?

A

papillary

reticular

34
Q

what is hyperkeratosis?

A

increased thickness of the keratin layer

35
Q

what is parakeratosis?

A

persistence of the nuclei in the keratin layer

36
Q

what is acanthosis?

A

increased thickness of the epithelium

37
Q

what is papillomatosis?

A

irregular epithelial thickening

38
Q

what is spongiosis?

A

oedema between keratinocytes

39
Q

what are the four main reaction patterns found in inflammatory skin diseases?

A

spongiotic
psoriasiform
lichenoid
vesiculobullous

40
Q

what characterises psoriasis?

A

increased epidermal turnover

41
Q

what is the koebner phenomenon?

A

new psoriasis lesions at sites of trauma

42
Q

what are munro micro abscesses in psoriasis?

A

collections of neutrophils in the upper layers of the epidermis

43
Q

what characterises lichenoid disorders?

A

damage to basal epidermis

44
Q

what is the prototypic lichenoid disorders?

A

lichen planus

45
Q

what is seen on histology of lichen planus?

A

irregular sawtooth acanthosis

46
Q

name three immunobullous diseases

A

pemphigus vulgaris
bullous pemphigoid
dermatitis herpetiformis

47
Q

what is the pathophysiology behind pemphigus vulgaris?

A

loss of integrity of epidermal cell adhesion

48
Q

what medication does pemphigus vulgaris respond to?

A

steroids

49
Q

what is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?

A

coeliac disease

50
Q

what is the hallmark of coeliac disease?

A

papillary dermal micro abscesses

Y2 Dermatology (17 decks)

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