Skin Immunology

Question 1

what is a cytokine?

Answer 1

a protein sent by one cell and recognised + responded to by another

Question 2

what is hypersensitivity?

Answer 2

an overreaction to an antigen

Question 3

what forms the keratin layer?

Answer 3

terminal differentiation of keratinocytes to corneocytes

Question 4

what are three structural proteins in the keratin layer and epidermis?

Answer 4

filaggrin
involucrin
keratin

Question 5

what is another name for the keratin layer?

Answer 5

the stratum corneum

Question 6

what is the immunological role of keratinocytes?

Answer 6

sense pathogens via cell surface receptors and help mediate an immune response

Question 7

what can activate a keratinocyte?

Answer 7

UV

sensitisers

Question 8

what three immune components can keratinocytes produce?

Answer 8

AMPs
cytokines
chemokines

Question 9

what do AMPs do?

Answer 9

directly kill pathogens

Question 10

in which disease have high levels of AMP been found in the skin?

Answer 10

psoriasis

Question 11

what do cytokines and chemokines do?

Answer 11

recruit and regulate the cells of the immune system

Question 12

what type of cell is a langerhans cell?

Answer 12

dendritic

antigen presenting cells

Question 13

what is the main resident immune cell of the skin?

Answer 13

langerhans cells

Question 14

what characterises the langerhans cells?

Answer 14

the birbeck granule

Question 15

what T cells are found in a health epidermis?

Answer 15

CD8 mainly

Question 16

what T cells are found in a health dermis?

Answer 16

CD4 and CD8

Question 17

what T cells are found in psoriasis?

Answer 17

TH1

TH17

Question 18

what T cells are found in atopic dermatitis?

Answer 18

TH2

TH17

Question 19

where are T cells produced?

Answer 19

bone marrow

Question 20

where are T cells sensitised?

Answer 20

thymus

Question 21

what are CD4 T cells?

Answer 21

T helper cells

Question 22

what are the two types of CD4 cells?

Answer 22

TH1

TH2

Question 23

what do TH1 cells do?

Answer 23

activate macrophages

Question 24

what do TH2 cells do?

Answer 24

help B cells make antibodies

Question 25

what are CD8 T cells?

Answer 25

cytotoxic T cells

Question 26

what do CD8 cells do?

Answer 26

kill infected cells

Question 27

what are the two types of dendritic cells found in the dermis?

Answer 27

dermal | plasmacytoid

Question 28

what do dermal dendritic cells do?

Answer 28

play a role in antigen presentation | secrete cytokines and chemokines

Question 29

where are plasmacytoid dendritic cells found?

Answer 29

dermis of diseased skin

Question 30

what do plasmacytoid dendritic cells do?

Answer 30

produce IFNa

Question 31

where is the MHC found?

Answer 31

chromosome 6

Question 32

what cells have MHC I?

Answer 32

almost all cells

Question 33

what do MHC I molecules do?

Answer 33

present endogenous antigens to CD8 cells

Question 34

where are MHC II found?

Answer 34

APC's

Question 35

what do MHC II molecules do?

Answer 35

present exogenous antigens to CD4 cells

Question 36

name three factors that can affect the skins immune response?

Answer 36

transplants UV ageing