pathology ovary/uterus Flashcards
(17 cards)
teratoma (dermoid cyst)
- all ages including children
- derived from postmitotic germ cells
- composed from a variety of mature tissues derived from endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
- usually benign, occasionally malignant
mucinous cystadenoma
- benign
- cystic tumour lined by mucinous epithelium
- wide age range
- pain and mass lesion
- unilateral
- can be very large
classification of ovarian epithelial tumours
- mucinous vs serous
mucinous = mucinous epithelium
serous = tubal type epithelium - benign or borderline or malignant
causes of infection of fallopian tubes
- usually bacterial
- TB
- parasites
clinical presentation of infection of fallopian tubes
depends on organism and site
- abnormal bleeding
- vaginal discharge
- tender abdomen
- cysts
- infertility
findings of ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tubes
- adnexal mass
- tenderness in abdomen
- blood test = beta HGC elevated
- ultrasound = empty uterus and adnexal mass
leiomyoma
smooth muscle tumour of the myometrium
- fibroid nodules
tumours of the muscular uterine wall
leiomyoma (fibroid)
- benign SM tumours
- common
- hormone receptive
leiomyosarcoma
- malignant tumour of SM
define endometriosis
presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
why is endometriosis a problem
- endometriosis responds to hormones during menstrual cycle
- bleeds into adjacent tissue during menstruation causing pain, cysts, tissue inflammation
- can give rise to malignancy
“chocolate cyst”
benign
cystic lesion filled with clotted blood in ovaries
investigations when heavy menstrual bleeding is present
- ultrasound to show thickness of endometrium
- pipelle biopsy
- curettage (gets biopsy with use of speculum)
histology of endometrial carcinoma
glands proliferate and become increasingly crowded and complex
causes of excess estrogen (leads to endometrial cancer)
- obesity
- PCOS
- hormone secreting tumour
- early menarche, late menopause
- exogenous estrogen
consequences of too much estrogen
continuous proliferation of cells, hyperplasia. if it undergoes mutation can become neoplasia
overstimulation of endometrium
types of pap smear
conventional smear (old technique)
cytobrush = liquid-based cytology (both HPV testing & cervical cancer)
management of different cervical cancer grades
normal
= 3 year follow up
low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)
= next smear in 12months
high grade (CIN 3) = referral to gynaecologist for treatment
