Pathoma - Lung Cancer Flashcards
(32 cards)
Most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States and when it hits
Lung Cancer, usually in your 60s
Key risk factors for Lung CA
- Cigarette smoke
- Radon
- Asbestos
What is the most dangerous part of smoking in regards to cancer?
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons - very oncogenic
“Coin Lesion” and what we do next
Solitary nodule 2 - 5cm that leads you to compare that Xray to other ones to see if there is change. Change indicates possible Lung CA, meaning biopsy next
Benign lesion examples
Granuloma - Often due to TB or a fungus
Bronchial hamartoma - Often calcified on imaging
What is a hamartoma?
Benign tumor made of tissue in that area that is just disorganized
Bronchial hamartoma made of what?
Lung tissue and cartilage
Division of cancer types within Lung CA
Small cell carcinoma (15%)
Non-small cell (85%)
Treatment for non-small cell vs. small cell
Small cell = Radiation therapy to treat
Non small cell = surgical resection that does not respond to radiation
Major subtypes of non-small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma - 40%
Squamos cell carcinoma - 30%
Large cell carcinoma - 10%
Carcinoid tumor - 5%
Adenocarcinoma
Gland affected or mucous production from cancer cells
Squamos cell carcinoma
keratin involved or bridges intracellularly
What cells do we call large cell carcinomas?
Don’t see glands, mucin, keratin pearls or bridges
Small cell carcinoma characteristic histology
Poorly differentiated small cells. Arises from neuroendocrine (Kultchitsky) cells
Bronchioalveolar carinoma histology
Columnar cells that grow along preexisting bronchioles and alveoli.
Arise from Clara cells
Histology for Carcinoid tumor
Well differentiated neuroendocrine cells, chromogranin positive
Most common cancers that metastasize to the lungs
Breast and colon
Most common tumor in male smokers
Squamos cell
These two cancers are not related to smoking!
Bronchiovalveolar carcinoma
Carcinoid tumor
These carcinomas are located strictly centrally
Small Cell
Squamos cell
These carcinomas are located strictly peripherally
Bronchioloalveolar
Adenocarcinoma
These carcinomas can be located centrally or peripherally
Large Cell
Carcinoid tumor
Multiple cannon ball nodules on imaging
Metastasis to the lungs
This carcinoma has rapid growth and early metastasis. Also produces ADH or ACTH and can cause _____ _____.
Small cell carcinoma and it can cause Eaton-Lambert Syndrome which is a paraneoplastic syndrome
