Patient Care 1

Question 1

What is the Crookes Tube?

Answer 1

First device that produced x-rays

Question 2

Did research experiments in the 1870s and 1880s discover x-rays?

Answer 2

No, doing experiments on neon signs and fluorescent lights did (in 1895)

Question 3

Who is considered the “father of x-rays”?

Answer 3

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Question 4

Who was Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen?

Answer 4

German physicist that discovered that x-rays were being emitted by the Crookes tube.

Question 5

When and where did Roentgen discover x-rays?

Answer 5

November 8, 1895 at the University of Wurzburg

Question 6

H.C. Snook

Answer 6

developed interrutperless transformers that provided the necessary electricity for x-ray production

Question 7

William Coolidge

Answer 7

designed the “hot cathode” x-ray tube, the Coolidge tube was the prototype for modern x-ray tubes today

Question 8

Michael Idvorsky Pupin

Answer 8

demonstrated the radiographic use of fluorescent screens (predecessor of intensifying screens)

Question 9

Thomas Edison

Answer 9

developed the first fluoroscope (discovered many of the fluorescent materials used today in imaging)

Question 10

Charles Dally

Answer 10

Thomas Edison’s assistant and the first fatality from x-ray exposure in the United States in 1904 (Edison ceased his research of x-rays after Dally’s death)

Question 11

George Eastman

Answer 11

invented the first x-ray film base in 1914

Question 12

What was the first anatomic radiograph?

Answer 12

Roentgen produced the first anatomic radiograph of his wife’s hand

Question 13

When was the first documented medical use of x-rays in the United States?

Answer 13

February 1896 (an exam of a boy’s fractured wrist, performed at Dartmouth College)

Question 14

What were the first “x-ray technicians”

Answer 14

Assistants of physicians who were trained by their physicians and became skilled in radiography

Question 15

When did radiation therapy education become separate from radiography

Answer 15

1950s

Question 16

What does a radiographer do?

Answer 16

-Positions the patient’s anatomy to be imaged over the image receptor (IR)
-Aligns x-ray tube (beam or central ray) to the IR
-Sets exposure factors
-Activates the exposure switch

Question 17

What is latent image?

Answer 17

x-ray photons that exit the patient strike the IR to create latent image (invisible, initial image of anatomy, processed through manifest image)

Question 18

What is manifest image?

Answer 18

obtained depending on the type of IR (a processed image, digital displays on a monitor)

Question 19

4 basic requirements for the production of x-rays:

Answer 19

-A vacuum (x-ray tube)
-Electron source (filament)
-A target for the electrons (anode)
-A high potential difference (voltage) between the electron source and the target (opposite charges attract)

Question 20

What is the primary source of occupational exposure?

Answer 20

scatter radiation (created when. portion of an x-rays photon’s energy is absorbed)

Question 21

Cathode

Answer 21

filament (source of electrons in x-ray tubes)

Question 22

Anode

Answer 22

the target (small metal disc that receives the electron beam from cathode and emits it as x-ray)

Question 23

What is X-ray Tube Housing?

Answer 23

protective covering around the x-ray tube (protects and supports components, shields from off-focus radiator)

Question 24

What is the X-ray Tube Support and its 2 types?

Answer 24

provides support and mobility for the tube
-Ceiling mount
-Floor stand

Question 25

What is the Collimator?

Answer 25

Controls the size of radiation field and is attached to tube housing. (light provides centering lines to aid in alignment of image receptor (IR) to patient).

Question 26

What is a Radiographic Table?

Answer 26

specialized unit that supports the patient

Question 27

What is a Fluoroscope?

Answer 27

an x-ray machine designed for direct viewing of the x-ray image, it permits the radiologist to view and record x-ray images in motion in real time (video)

Question 28

What is the difference between X-rays and Fluoroscopy?

Answer 28

X-ray is an image meanwhile fluoroscopy is a video in real time

Question 29

What is the Trendelenburg Position-Head 15?

Answer 29

the body is laid supine on a 15-30 degree incline with the feet elevated above the head

Question 30

What are Grids and Buckys?

Answer 30

devices used to reduce the effect of scatter radiation on image quality

Question 31

What is an Upright Image Receptor Unit?

Answer 31

a device that holds the IR and/or a Bucky (grid) in a vertical position (used on standing x-rays such as a chest x-ray)

Question 32

What is a Transformer?

Answer 32

provides the high voltage necessary to produce x-rays

Question 33

What is the Control Console?

Answer 33

located behind a shielded wall, a computer system where you/re able to control taking x-rays (input device for setting exposure factors, acting the exposure, and on/off powering of the unit)

Question 34

What is used in fluoroscopy that allows an image to be viewed in ambient light rather than in the dark?

Answer 34

image intensifier (original images are very dim)

Question 35

What are the Radiographer's duties in fluoroscopic exams?

Answer 35

-Obtain patient's history (including appropriate pre procedural preparation such as diet and bowel cleaning) -Complete necessary pre procedural paperwork (ex: required consent and education forms) -Assist the patient during disrobing and gowning -Explain the procedure to the patient -Produce the required preliminary (scout ) images -Set the control panel correctly for fluoroscopy and spot film radiography -Position the patient for the start of the procedure

Question 36

What is the A in AIDET?

Answer 36

acknowledge (smile, greet patient by name, make eye contact, acknowledge family in the room)

Question 37

What is the I in AIDET?

Answer 37

introduce (introduce yourself by name, skill set, and department and the procedure)

Question 38

What is the D in AIDET?

Answer 38

duration (give accurate time expectation for the test, physician arrival, etc.)

Question 39

What Is the E in AIDET?

Answer 39

explanation (answer patient's questions, explain what to expect for test, let the patient know how to contact you, let the patient explain what the reason for procedure is)

Question 40

What is the T in AIDET?

Answer 40

thank you (thank the patient and/or family)