PEDIA Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Refers to the PHYSICAL change and QUANTITATIVE increase in size of the whole body or any of its parts
A
GROWTH
2
Q
When is growth MOST RAPID?
A
INFANCY
3
Q
When does a GROWTH SPURT occur?
A
DURING ADOLESCENCE
4
Q
Refers to changes that mark an increase in function, complexity and PROGRESSION OF SKILL; It is QUALITATIVE
A
DEVELOPMENT
5
Q
Involves intrinsic processes of development that are genetically and organically PROGRAMMED
A
MATURATION
6
Q
Psychosexual Stage:
Child learns sexual identity through awareness of GENITAL AREA
A
PRESCHOOL - PHALLIC STAGE
7
Q
Psychosexual Stage:
Child learns to control URINATION and DEFECATION
A
TODDLER - ANAL STAGE
8
Q
Psychosexual Stage:
Develops SEXUAL MATURITY and learns to establish satisfactory relationships with the opposite sex
A
ADOLESCENT - GENITAL AGE
9
Q
Psychosexual Stage:
Child explores the world using MOUTH
A
INFANTS - ORAL STAGE
10
Q
Psychosexual Stage:
Childs PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT appears to be non-active or dormant
A
SCHOOL AGE - LATENT STAGE
11
Q
What should you do for an infant during the ORAL STAGE?
A
MEET ORAL NEEDS
- Provide safe and washable toys such as a PACIFIER
- FEED ON DEMAND
12
Q
When oral feeding is CONTRAINDICATED in an infant, what should you do?
A
PROVIDE PACIFIER!
R: Feeding is contraindicated but SUCKING is not
13
Q
Type of Fear and Play:
Infancy
A
STRANGER ANXIETY
SOLITARY PLAY
14
Q
Type of Fear and Play:
Toddler
A
SEPARATION ANXIETY
PARALLEL PLAY
15
Q
Type of Fear and Play:
Preschool Period
A
MUTILATION AND CASTRATION
ASSOCIATIVE AND IMMITATION
16
Q
Type of Fear and Play:
School Age Period
A
DISPLACEMENT FROM SCHOOL
COOPERATIVE PLAY
17
Q
Type of Fear and Play:
Adolescence
A
DISPLACEMENT FROM PEERS
ATHLETIC AND SPORTS
18
Q
What stage of Growth and Development wherein NEGATIVISM is most prominent?
A
TODDLER
19
Q
What should you do to for a NEGATIVISTIC child?
A
OFFER CHOICES; AVOID USING CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS
20
Q
Emotional attachment of a preschool boy to mother
A
OEDIPUS COMPLEX
21
Q
Emotional attachment of a preschool girl to father
A
ELECTRA COMPLEX
22
Q
Preschool Period:
Children look at an object and see only ONE characteristic
(Ex. Banana is yellow but they do not notice it is also long)
A
CENTERING
23
Q
Preschool Period:
Perceive animals and inanimate objects of having THOUGHTS and FEELINGS
A
MAGICAL THINKING
24
Q
Preschool Period:
Perceiving that one’s thoughts and feelings are BETTER or MORE IMPORTANT
A
EGOCENTRISM
25
When does the Anterior Fontanelle close?
12-18 MONTHS
26
What is the SHAPE of the Anterior Fontanelle?
DIAMOND
27
When does the Posterior Fontanelle close?
2-3 MONTHS
28
What is the SHAPE of the Posterior Fontanelle?
TRIANGLE
29
Undescended Testes
CRYPTORCHIDISM
30
During the FIRST STAGE of Labor what is recommended for the mother to do in order to REDUCE LENGTH OF LABOR?
WALKING AND KEEPING UPRIGHT POSITION
31
Recommended position during pushing in Labor
SEMI UPRIGHT POSITION
R: Enhances descent of the fetal head because of the additional effect of gravity
32
Should you BATHE the baby immediately after delivery?
NO! ONLY DRY
33
When drying the baby, do you REMOVE the vernix caesosa?
NO BECAUSE THIS PROVIDES NATURAL PROTECTIVE COVER FOR THE NEWBORN
34
How do you clean the Umbilicus of a newborn?
CLEANSING WITH COOLED BOILED WATER and LEAVING UMBILICUS UNCOVERED
35
Where do you place the IDENTIFICATION BAND of a newborn?
ANKLE
36
How long should Unang Yakap last?
90 MINUTES
37
Congenital defect wherein there is an INCOMPLETE CLOSURE of the SPINAL COLUMN due to one or two missing vertebral arches; SAC-LIKE structure or dimpling
SPINAL BIFIDA
38
What causes Spinal Bifida?
DEFICIENCY IN FOLIC ADIN OF THE MOTHER DURING PREGNANCY
39
MOST SEVERE FORM of Spina Bifida
MENINGOMYELOCELE
40
Excess of CSF in the ventricles of the SUBARACHNOID SPACE
HYDROCEPHALUS
41
What are the possible CAUSES of excess CSF?
1. OVERPRODUCTION OF FLUID BY CHOROIDS
2. OBSTRUCTION OF PASSAGE OF FLUID
3. INTERFERENCE WITH THE ABSROPTION
42
Symptom of Hydrocephalus:
Brow bulges
BOSSING SIGN
43
Symptom of Hydrocephalus:
Bones of the head are widely separated that produces a CRACKED POT SOUND upon percussion
MACAWEN’S SIGN
44
SURGICAL TREATMENT for Hydrocephalus
SURGICAL SHUNTING
1. Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
2. Atrioventricular Shunt
3. Ventriculoreteral Shunt
45
POSTOPERATIVE POSITION after Surgical Shunting for Hydrocephalus
POSITION CHILD ON THE UNOPERATED SIDE
R: To prevent pressure on the shunt valve
46
If there is INCREASED ICP post op from Surgical Shunting of Hydrocephalus, what should you do?
ELEVATE HEAD OF BED TO 15 TO 30 DEGREES
R: To enhance gravity flow through the shunt
47
DRUG OF CHOICE for Bacterial Meningitis or Encephalitis
PENICILLIN G
48
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE for Bacterial meningitis and Encephalitis
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
49
FIRST NURSING INTERVENTION upon admission of an infant with BACTERIAL MENINGITIS and ENCEPHALITIS
ISOLATE INFANT
50
A neuromuscular disorder characterized by LACK OF CONTROL of voluntary muscles, abnormal muscle tine and incoordination
CEREBRAL PALSY
51
MOST COMMON type of Cerebral Palsy
SPASTIC
52
Type of GAIT found in Spastic Cerebral palsy wherein one foot CROSSES in front of the other foot
SCISSOR-LIKE GAIT
53
Down Syndrome is also known as
TRISOMY 21
54
You are taking care of a child with a WIDE GAP BETWEEN EYES, FLAT NOSE, LARGE TONGUE and a SIMIAN CREASE. What is his condition?
DOWN SYNDROME
55
What are the determining characteristics of Down Syndrome?
LOW SET EARS
| SIMIAN CREASE
56
A congenital disorder wherein the BACK OF THE NASAL PASSAGE (Choana) is blocked; may bw unilateral or bilateral
CHOANAL ATRESIA
57
Refers to ABSENCE or NARROWING of an opening or passage in the body
ATRESIA
58
DANGER SIGN of Choanal Atresia
CYANOSIS DURING FEEDING
59
When is Cyanosis relieved in an infant with Choanal Atresia?
IT MAY IMPROVE WHEN THE BABY CRIES
60
Management to TEMPORARILY improve dyspnea in an infant with Choanal Atresia
INSERTION OF AN ORAL AIRWAY INTO THE MOUTH
61
SURGICAL CORRECTION of Choanal Atresia
PERFORATION OF ATRESIA AND INSERTION OF STENT
R: To keep airway patent
62
When can a person be considered to have RECURRENT TONSILLITIS?
TONSILLITIS 4 TIMES IN A YEAR
63
When is Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy CONTRAINDICATED in Children?
IF THEY ARE YNDER 5-6 YEARS OLD UNLESS CONDITION IS LIFE THREATENING
64
Can a child with an ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION have surgical Tonsillectomy or Adenoidectomy?
NO
65
Post op position of a child who underwent Tonsillectomy
PRONE OR SIDE-LYING
R: to facilitate drainage
66
What should you watch out for in a child post tonsillectomy that indicates HEMORRHAGE?
FREQUENT SWALLOWING
67
What should you do if HEMORRHAGE occurs in a pt post operatively?
TURN CHILD TO SIDE AND NITIFY PHYSICIAN
68
What should you instruct the child NOT to do post tonsillectomy?
COUGHING AND CLEARING THROAT
69
What food should you AVOID post tonsillectomy?
MILK AND RED FLUIDS
R: Milk will coat the throat and red fluids may simulate the appearance of blood if the child vomits
70
Inflammation of the Epiglottis
EPIGLOTTITIS
71
Is Epiglottis an emergency condition?
YES
72
In what POSITION can you usually see a child with Epiglottis during assessment?
TRIPOD POSITIONING
73
What is the FIRST NURSING INTERVENTION you should do for a child with Asthma?
BRONCHODILATORS
74
What type of breathing can you observe from a child with Asthma?
WHEEZING DURING EXPIRATION
75
Management for Asthma
A-S-T-H-M-A
```
A - DRENERGICS/Bronchodilator (Albuterol)
S - TEROIDS
T - HEOPHYLLINE
H - YDRATION
M - ASK O2
A - NTICHOLINERGICS
```
76
SEVERE FORM of Asthma that is considered a medical emergency
STATUS ASTHMATICUS
77
A condition in which segment of the intestine “TELESCOPES”inside of another, causing an intestinal obstruction
INTUSUSSCEPTION
78
Diagnostic test for Intusussception
BARIUM ENEMA
79
What is the POSITION of the pt during Barium Enema?
LEFT SIMS POSITION
80
What do you instruct the child’s parent about the expected side effect that may be experienced after a Barium Enema?
WHITE CHALKY STOOLS
81
What type of STOOL is found in a child with Intussusception?
RED CURRANT JELLY-LIKE STOOL (mucus + blood)
82
CLASSIC SIGNS of Intussusception
SAUSAGE-SHAPED MASS
| RED CURRANT JELLY-LIKE STOOL
83
BEST EQUIPMENT to aid in Feeding of child with CLEFT LIP
BRECK FEEDER
84
Surgery for CLEFT LIP
CHEILOPLASTY
85
BEST POSITION Post Cheiloplasty
S-S-S
S - UPINE
S - EMI FOWLER’S
S - IDE LYING (unaffected side)
86
BEST EQUIPMENT to aid in Feeding of child with CLEFT PALATE
CUP
87
Surgery for CLEFT PALATE
PALATOPLASTY/URANOPLASTY
88
BEST POSITION after Palatoplasty
PRONE
R: To drain secretions
89
Best surgical repair time for CLEFT PALATE
15-18 MONTHS OLD (before speech development)
90
Narrowing of the pyloric canal between the stomach and duodenum due to HYPERTROPHY
PYLORIC STENOSIS
91
MAIN SYMPTOMS of Pyloric Stenosis
1. PROJECTILE VOMITING
| 2. OLIVE-SHAPED MASS
92
MAJOR COMPLICATION of Pyloric Stenosis
DEHYDRATION!
R: Fluid is unable to pass easily thru the stenosed and hypertrophied valve
93
SURGICAL Management for Pyloric Stenosis
PYLOROTOMY
94
What should you do to PREVENT further electrolyte depletion?
ORAL FEEDINGS SHOULD BE WITHELD
95
What should you do for an infant with Pyloric Stenosis who is ONLY receiving IV fluid?
LET HIM SUCK ON A PACIFIER
R: To meet non nutritive sucking needs
96
Inability to TOLERATE lactose as a result of an absence or deficiency of lactase
LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
97
What can be used as a SUBSTITUTE for cow’s milk formula and human milk for children with Lactose Intolerance?
SOY-BASED FORMULAS
98
Intolerance to GLUTEN
CELIAC DISEASE
99
What food are CONTRAINDICATED for children with Celiac Disease?
B-R-O-W
B - ARLEY
R - YE
O - ATS
W - HEAT
100
Symptom of Celiac Disease:
Abnormal quantities of FAT in the feces due to reduced absorption of fat by the intestine
STEATORRHEA
101
Severe form of Celiac Disease wherein there is ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE, RAPID DEHYDRATION, and SEVERE ACIDOSIS. It can cause PROFUSE watery diarrhea and vomiting
CELIAC CRISIS
102
What can you find in an X-ray of a child with DUODENAL ATRESIA?
DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN
103
A condition that results from the ABSENCE OF GANGLION CELLS in the rectum and other areas of the affected intestine
HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE/MEGACOLON
104
CLASSIC SIGN of Hirschsprung’s Disease
RIBBON-LIKE STOOLS
105
Scent of the BREATH of a child with HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
FECAL ODOR OF BREATH
106
Diagnostic Tests for Hirschsprung’s Disease
ABDOMINAL X-RAY
| BARIUM ENEMA
107
SURGICAL TREATMENT for Hirschsprung’s Disease
BOWEL RESECTION or ABDOMINO-PERINEAL PULL THROUGH
108
Until when should a patient remain on NPO after receiving Abdominal Surgery?
UNTIL BOWEL SOUNDS RETURN OR FLATUS HAS PASSED
109
What is the FIRST INDICATION of Imperforated Anus in a newborn?
FAILURE TO PASS MECONIUM STOOL
110
Tetralogy of Fallot is also known as
BLUE BABY
111
MAIN PROBLEM in Tetralogy of Fallot
CHRONIC HYPOXIA
112
Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot:
H-A-P
H - YPERCYANOTIC TET SPELLS (during crying, feeding)
A - CLUBBING OF FINGERS
P - OLYCYTHEMIA VERA
113
DURING TET SPELLS: Recommended positioning of a child with Tetralogy of Fallot who CANNOT WALK
KNEE CHEST
114
DURING TET SPELLS: Recommended positioning of a child with Tetralogy of Fallot who CAN WALK
SQUATTING POSITION
R: traps deoxygenated blood at legs
115
SURGERY OF CHOICE for Tetralogy of Fallot
BLALOCK TAUSSIG SHUNT - creation of ductus arteriosus
116
HALLMARK SIGN of Kawasaki Disease
STRAWBERY TONGUE
117
Kawasaki Disease:
Always remember WARM CREAM
WARM fever
```
C - ONJUNCTIVITIS
R - ASHES
palmar E - RYTHEMA
cervical A - DENOPATHY
MUCOUS MEMBRANE (strawberry tongue)
```
118
A BULGING fontanelle in a child indicates
INCREASED ICP
119
A SUNKEN fontanelle in a child indicates
DEHYDRATION
120
Edema on scalp due to PROLONGED LABOR
CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM
