Pediatric Musculoskeletal, Neurological, and Emergency Conditions Flashcards
(40 cards)
One of the most common musculoskeletal issues you’ll encounter in pediatrics is
scoliosis
a condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine
scoliosis
Signs of scoliosis include ____________________ and a ___________________________ when the child bends forward.
uneven shoulder height ; prominent rib hump
If scoliosis is suspected, the first step is to _______________________________ to assess the degree of curvature and determine if treatment, such as bracing or surgery, is needed.
obtain a standing X-ray
a congenital deformity where the foot turns inward and downward.
clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)
The gold standard for initial treatment for clubfoot is the _______________________, which involves gentle stretching, casting, and later, bracing to maintain correction.
Ponseti method
a genetic disorder, muscleweakness begins in early childhood and progressively worsens
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy primarily affects _________
boys
The hallmark of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the
progressive loss of muscle function
is a neural tube defect involving improper closure of the spinal cord during development.
spina bifida
A severe form of spina bifida, _______________________, may be visible at birth as a sac-like protrusion on the back, often at the lumbosacral region.
myelomeningocele
Initial management of a newborn with myelomeningocele requires ___________________________________________ to prevent infection and further damage to exposedspinal tissues.
surgical closure of the defect within 24–48 hours
increased intracranial pressure classic symptoms
headache and vomiting, particularly in the morning
Monitoringandmanaging ICP is critical in conditions like
hydrocephalus or brain injury.
In any child with extensive burns, particularly whensigns of hypotension, tachycardia, or breathing difficulty are present, the top priority is
airway management and fluid resuscitation.
A child who swallows a coin and is asymptomatic still requires a ________________________________ to locate the object and ensure it hasn’t lodged in the esophagus or airway.
chest and abdominal X-ray
However, if a child presents with drooling, difficulty swallowing, or distress after ingesting food like a hot dog, this could suggest _______________________. In such cases, the correct next step is _____________________ to safely remove the object.
esophageal obstruction; urgent endoscopy
However, if a child presents with _____________________________________after ingesting food like a hot dog, this could suggest esophageal obstruction. In such cases, the correct next step is urgent endoscopy tosafely remove the object.
drooling, difficulty swallowing, or distress
In cases of near-drowning, even if the child appears alert, the risk of secondary drowning (delayed pulmonary complications) remains. The priority is to administer _________________________________________ closely. Children can deteriorate hours after the incident, so observation is critical.
high-flow oxygen and monitor respiratory function
Burn wound infection
prevention
Sterile dressing changes
Burn malnutrition
Start enteral feeding early
Nasal foreign body
Otoscopic exam before removal
While mild cases of scoliosis are observed, curvatures of ____________________ or more usually require ___________ to prevent progression and improve alignment.
40 degrees ; surgery
is the most common type of arthritis inchildren.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
