Flashcards in Pediatrics Deck (105)
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1
What does epiphyseal-metaphyseal "bucket fracture" suggest in infant?
shaking of limbs- abuse in infant
2
Diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome
optho exam: retinal hemorrhages
noncontrast CT: subdural hematoma
3
What drugs predispose to congenital heart disease (4)
alcohol
lithium
thalidomide
phenytoin
4
Maternal illness predisposing to CHD
DM, PKU
5
Infection predisposing to CHD
rubella
6
Noncyanotic heart defects (3Ds)
VSD, ASD, PDA
shunt L to R
7
Cyanotic heart defects (5 Ts)
Truncus arteriosus (One arterial vessel)
Transposition of great vessels (2 arteries switched)
Tricuspid atresia (3)
Tetralogy of Fallot (4)
Total anomolous pulmonary venous return (5 words)
8
What CHD presents with cyanosis within first few hours of life
Transposition
9
Heart defect associated with Down syndrome
ASD, endocardial defects
10
Heart defect associated with Congenital rubella
PDA
11
Heart defect associated with Turner syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta
12
Heart defect associated with neonatal lupus
congenital heart block
13
Heart defect associated with Williams syndrome
supravalvular aortic stenosis
14
Heart defect associated with DiGeorge
Tetralogy
15
Heart defect associated with maternal lithium use
Ebstein's anomoly
16
Heart defect associated with neonatal thyrotoxicosis
Heart failure
17
Heart defects associated with maternal diabetes
asymmetric septal hypertrophy
transposition
18
Neonate: Harsh holosystolic murmur at lower left sternal border
VSD
19
Neonate: wide and fixed, split S2; systolic ejection murmur LUSB
ASD
20
Exam associated with PDA
Continuous "machine-like murmur", loud S2, wide pulse pressure, bounding peripheral pulses
21
Holt-Oram syndrome (3)
absent radii, ASD, first degree heart block
22
Given to close/ open PDA
Indomethacin: Closes
PGE1: opens
23
Where is the most common location of coartation?
Just below the L subclavian artery
24
Associated with "3"s sign on CXR, rib notching
Coartcation
25
What is required to survive transposition
septal defect and PDA
26
CXR shows "egg-shaped silhouette" and increased pulm vascular markings
Transposition
27
Anomolies with tetralogy (PROVe)
Pulmonary stenosis (most imp indicator)
RVH
Overriding aorta
VSD
28
What age stranger anxiety develops
6mo
29
What age pincer grasp develops
12mo
30
Gross motor milestones:
-2mo
-4-5mo
-6mo
-12mo
-2years
-3years
-2mo: Lift head/chest
-4-5mo: Rolls front to back
-6mo: Sits unassisted
-12mo: Walks alone
-2years: Walks up/down steps
-3years: Rides tricycle
31
Language milestones:
-12mo
-15mo
-18mo
-2 year
-3 year
-12mo: 1 word, 1-step command
-15mo: 5 words
-18mo: 8 words
-2 year: 2-word phrases, 2-step command
-3 year: 3-word phrases
32
Associated with boot-shaped heart on CXR
Tetralogy
33
PE findings for tetralogy of fallot
relieved by squatting
systolic ejection murmur LUSB
34
Avg age of puberty girls, boys
Abnormal ages
Girls: 10.5 years, 8-13
Boys: 11.5 years, 9-14
35
GI, malignancy, endocrine diseases assoc with Down syndrome
Duodenal atresia
Hirschsprung's
ALL
hypothyroid
36
What does lymphedema of hands and feet indicate?
Turners
37
Associated with Large jaw, testes, ears
Fragile X syndrome
38
What does ABG for CF show?
hypochloremic alkalosis
39
Most common cause bowel obstruction first 2 years of life
intussusception
40
Associated with "currant jelly stool"
intussusception
41
Associated with "sausage-shaped" RUQ abdominal mass
intussusception
42
Associated with projectile emesis
plyoric stenosis
43
Drug causing pyloric stenosis
Erythromycin
44
Diagnosis and treatment of intussusception
air-contrast barium enema
45
Metabolic derangement associated with pyloric stenosis
hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
46
Diagnosis of meckel's diverticulum
Meckel scintography scan (technitium-99m pertechnate)
47
Presents as suddem, intermittent, painless rectal bleeding in child
Meckel's diverticulum
48
Types of tissue in Meckel's diverticulum (2)
Pancreatic, gastric
49
What presents as bilious emesis in first month of life, distension, passage of blood or mucus in stool
Malrotation with volvulus
50
AXR shows "bird-beak" appearance in children
Malrotation with volvulus
51
AXR shows pneumatosis intestinalis in infant
Necrotizing enterocolits
52
When do B-cell deficiencies commonly present?
after 6mo
53
Bruton's congenital agammaglobulinemia vs transient hypogammaglobulinemia
Both show increased susceptibility to infection at 6 mo (encapsulated organisms)
B cells decreased in Bruton's not THI
54
Dangerous reactions in IgA deficiency
Anaphylactic transfusion reaction, IVIG can lead to anti-IgA antiboidies
55
Presentation of DiGeorge
Tetany (hypocalcemia) in first days of life
56
Infections in DiGeorge
viruses, fungi, PCP
57
Mnemonic for DiGeorge (CATCH 22)
Cardiac abnormalities (transposition)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
22q11 deletion
58
When do T cell deficiencies typically present
1-3 months
59
Bruton's vs CVID
Similar symptoms, CVID presents later (15-35yrs)
60
Presents with bleeding, eczema, recurrent otitis media
Wiskott-Aldrich
61
Caused by a defect in adenosine deaminase
SCID
62
Ataxia-telangiectasia defect and presentation
Defect: DNA repair
Presentation: Cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiactasias, malignancies
63
Malignancies associated with Ataxia-telangiectasia (3)
NHL
leukemia
gastric carcinoma
64
Lab findings with Wiskott-Aldrich
Decr IgM, thrombocytopenia
65
Organisms causing infection in phagocytic deficiences
Catalase +
Fungi
Gram neg enteric organisms
66
Prophylaxis for CGD
daily TMP-SMX
67
Nitroblue tetrazolium is diagnostic
CGD
68
Presents as omphalitis with delayed separation umbilical cord
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
69
Pneumonic for Wiskott-Aldrich (WIPE)
Wiskott-Aldrich
Infections
Purpura
Eczema
70
Presents as partial oculocutaneous albinism, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia
Chediak-Higashi
71
Presents as Course facies, abscesses, hyper IgE, retained primary teeth, eczema
Job's
72
Job's vs WAS
Both: eczema, infections
Job's: eosinophilia, abscesses, course facies
WAS: bleeding, encapsulated organisms infection
73
Deficiency presents with recurrent Neisseria infections
Terminal complement deficiency (C5-C9)
74
Presentation of C1 esterase deficiency
recurrent episodes of angioedema
75
Kawasaki vs Scarlet fever
Both: strawberry tongue, rash, desquamation
Scarlet fever: normal lips, no conjunctivitis
76
(pediatrics) presents with recurrent high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, salmon-colored macular rash
Still's disease (RF-, ANA-)
77
Polyarthritis vs pauciarticular arthritis
Polyarthritis: >5 joints, symmetric
Pauciarticular: <4, uveitis common
78
3 common causes of otitis media
S. pneumo
non-typable h flu
Moraxella catarrhalis
79
(pediatrics) assoc with "steeple sign" on AP film
Croup
80
What antibiotic causes biliary sludging and kernicterus in newborns
Ceftriaxone
81
Classic presentation of posttussive emesis and apnea in infant <6mo
pertussis
82
Treatment of pertussis
erythromycin
83
Presents as high fever and maculopapular rash after fever breaks
Roseola infantum (HHV-6,7)
84
rash pattern for measles, rubella, roseola infantum
Measles, rubella: macular papular rash from head to toe
Roseola infantum: spreads from trunk to face and extremeties
85
Associated with posterior auricular lymphadenopathy
Rubella
86
Parvovirus B19 presentation
Slapped cheek, arthropathy, aplastic crisis
87
Of Crigler-Najjar, Dubin-Johnson, Gilbert, Rotor which is unconj, conj?
Unconj: Crigler Najjar, Gilbert
Conj: Dubin-Johnson, Rotor
88
Which type of hyperbilirubinemia is always pathologic in newborn?
Conjugated
89
CXR in newborn shows ground glass appearance
RDS
90
What malformation and malignancy associated with Beckwith-Wiedemenn?
Omphalocele
Wilms' tumor
91
Presents with bilious emesis within hours of first feeding
Duodenal atresia
92
ACXR: Double bubble sign
duodenal atresia
93
Most common acute leukemia in children
ALL
94
Presents with bone pain, fever, anemia, ecchymoses in children
Leukemia
95
Labs for tumor lysis syndrome
Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyeruricemia
96
Presents with nontender abdominal mass (may cross midline), horner's
Neuroblastoma
97
Histology shows round, blue tumor cells with characteristic rosette pattern
Neuroblastoma
98
WAGR syndrome
Wilms tumor
Aniridia
Gentourinary abnormalities
Mental Retardation
99
Presents with "onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma
100
Location, associated symptoms for Ewings sarcoma vs osteosarcoma
Midshaft vs metaphyses
Ewing associated with systemic sx
101
Presents with "sunburst" lytic bone lesions
osteosarcoma
102
What are 3 possible dx with leukocoria in infants
Retinoblastoma
Congenital cataracts
Retinopaty of prematurity
103
Presents as irritability, intermittent abd pain, peripheral neuropathy
Lead poisoning
104
CBC shows microcytic, hypchromic anemia and basophilic stippling
Lead poisoning
105
