Performance Flashcards
- 32.2 Define:
a) Take-off distance required (TODR
Distance required to take-off from a standing start with maximum take-off power and reach a screen height of 50ft (normally) above the runway at the take-off safety speed.
- 32.2 Define:
(b) Take-off distance available (TODA) and clearway;
Length of the take-off run plus any available clearway.
Clearway = A rectangular area on ground or water at the departure end of a runway which a aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height.
- 32.2 Define:
(c) Take-off run available (TORA);
Length of a runway declared by aerodrome operator as available and suitable for a ground run for an aircraft taking-off.
- 32.2 Define:
(d) Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA) and stopway;
Distance specified by the appropriate authority as being the effective length available for use by an aircraft executing a rejected take-off, normally includes a stop way.
Stop way = A rectangular area on ground at the departure end of a runway which a aeroplane may use to stop in the event of a rejected take-off.
- 32.2 Define:
(e) Gradient and gross and net flight paths;
Gradient climb = Height gained over distance traveled.
Gross Flight Path = Flight path assumed the aircraft will follow based on calculations from flight manual.
Net Flight Path = Flight path the aircraft will follow based on calculations from flight manual, allowing for reduced performance (emergencies).
- 32.2 Define:
(f) Landing distance available (LDA), landing distance required (LDR) and landing threshold;
Landing distance available = Length of a runway declared by aerodrome operator as available and suitable for a ground run for an aircraft landing.
Landing distance required = Distance required to land, starting from a height of 50ft (normally) above the threshold to where aircraft stops using maximum braking. Speed normally no slower than 1.3 Vs, or which ever is greater.
Landing threshold = The beginning of the portion of the runway declared usable for landing.
- 32.2 Define:
(g) Dry, wet, and contaminated (in relation to runway surface);
Dry = Not wet or contaminated. (Porous pavement also works, has to retain effective dry-braking action even when moisture present).
Wet = Sufficient moisture to cause it to look reflective without significant areas of standing water.
Contaminated = More than 25% runway required length covered with surface water, slush, loose snow more than 3mm in depth or ice on any part of runway surface area.
- 32.2 Define:
(h) Drift down.
Gradual descent by an aircraft with one engine inoperative to an altitude at which it can comply with one engine inoperative en route climb performance requirements.
22.32.4 Explain the factors affecting take-off and landing performance.
List below is for shorter takeoff distance; Runway Available = No more than 85%, Weight = Light, Pressure Altitude = High pressure, Temperature = Low temp, Surface condition = Smooth, Slope = Down, Headwind = Strong (No more than 50%).
List below is for shorter landing distance; Weight = Light, Pressure Altitude = High pressure, Temperature = Low temp, Surface condition = Smooth, Slope = Up, Headwind = Strong (No more than 50%).
- 32.2 Define:
(a) Take-off safety speed.
A speed which gives adequate margin above the stalling speed. Not less than 1.2 Vs in takeoff configuration.
- 32.2 Define:
(a) Screen height (or barrier);
A safe height above the runway. (Normally for obstacle clearance, with aircraft undercarriage down and wings level to safely cross fence). Can be as low as 35ft or lower for some commercial operators.
