Pericarditis / Cardiac Tamponade

Question 1

Inflammation of pericardium by:

viral infection

thoracic trauma

myocardial infarction

tuberculosis

malignancy

autoimmune conditions

Answer 1

Pericarditis

Question 2

What is Pericardial effusion?

Answer 2

Where fluid accumulates in space between pericardial sac and heart; swollen tissue creates friction (serous, purulent (bacteria), serous sanguneous)

Question 3

Inflammation of the pericardium?

Answer 3

Pericarditis

Question 4

What does the pericardium do for the heart?

Answer 4

Is the sac that surrounds, protects, and supports the heart.

Question 5

What triggers pericarditis (most common)?

Answer 5

• viral infections (usually after a respiratory infection) but may also result from other infections.
• thoracic trauma (e.g., surgery, radiation, accidents)
• myocardial infarction
• malignancy
• tuberculosis
• uremia

Question 6

What autoimmune conditions trigger pericarditis?

Answer 6

• systemic lupus erythematosus
• rheumatoid arthritis
• scleroderma

Question 7

In this inflammatory process (pericarditis) where does fluid shift?

Answer 7

From the capillaries to the space between the pericardial sac and the heart.

Question 8

What types of fluid result from pericarditis?

Answer 8

• serous
• purulent
• serosanguineous
• hemorrhagic

Question 9

Serous fluid results from?

Answer 9

heart failure

Question 10

Purulent fluid results from?

Answer 10

infections

Question 11

Serosanguineous fluid results from?

Answer 11

• neoplasms - uremia

Question 12

Hemorrhagic fluid results from?

Answer 12

• aneurysms - trauma

Question 13

The fluid that can accumulate quickly or slowly in the pericardial cavity?

Answer 13

pericardial effusion

Question 14

The fluid that accumulates in the pericardial cavity can progress to life-threatening (what)?

Answer 14

cardiac tamponade

Question 15

Fluid that accumulates in the pericardial cavity to the point that compresses the heart (is called)?

Answer 15

cardiac tamponade

Question 16

The compression of the heart that occurs during cardiac tamponade prevents?

Answer 16

the heart from stretching and filling during diastole.

Question 17

The prevention of the heart from stretching and filling during diastole results in (during cardiac tamponade)?

Answer 17

Decreased Cardiac Output

Question 18

During cardiac tamponade what happens because of the decreased cardiac output?

Answer 18

Arterial pressures then fall

Question 19

During cardiac tamponade, what happens because of the accumulation of blood within the systemic circulation?

Answer 19

venous pressure rises

Question 20

During cardiac tamponade, the pulse pressure narrows?

Answer 20

because of the arterial and venous changes.

Question 21

During cardiac tamponade what causes the heart sounds to be muffled upon auscultation?

Answer 21

excess fluid drowns out the sound.

Question 22

In what phase of cardiac tamponade present much like cardiogenic shock?

Answer 22

Acute cardiac tamponade

Question 23

Cardiogenic shock presents with what symptoms?

Answer 23

Hypotension Jugular vein distention (JVD) Muffled heart sounds

Question 24

Acute cardiac tamponade presents much like cardiogenic shock (what symptoms)?

Answer 24

Hypotension Jugular vein distention (JVD) Muffled heart sounds (symptoms referred to as Beck triad)

Question 25

What are the symptoms referred to as Beck triad?

Answer 25

Hypotension Jugular vein distention (JVD) Muffled heart sounds

Question 26

What can result from cardiac tamponade?

Answer 26

- Heart failure - cardiogenic shock - death

Question 27

Manifestations of Cardiac Tamponade are?

Answer 27

- Falling Arterial Pressures - Rising Venous Pressures - Narrowing Pulse Pressures - Muffled Heart Sounds