period 2 terms Flashcards
(42 cards)
A law passed in Maryland that granted religious freedom to all Christians, including Catholics, but also allowed for the death penalty to those who denied the divinity of Jesus.
Maryland Act of Toleration
A Puritan woman who challenged the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s religious authorities, advocating for religious freedom and personal interpretation of the Bible. She was eventually banished and settled in Rhode Island.
Anne Hutchinson
An armed rebellion in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley. The rebellion was fueled by resentment towards the governor’s policies, particularly his refusal to retaliate against Native American attacks on frontier settlements..
Bacon’s Rebellion
An influential American statesman, inventor, writer, and one of the Founding Fathers. He played a key role in the American Enlightenment and in the founding of the United States.
Benjamin Franklin
An English soldier and explorer who played a crucial role in the survival of the Jamestown colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America, by enforcing discipline and establishing trade with Native Americans.
Cpt. John Smith
An administrative union of several New England colonies imposed by the English Crown to strengthen colonial defense and enforce the Navigation Acts. It was highly unpopular and dissolved after the Glorious Revolution.
Dominion of New England
An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority. It influenced many American colonists and helped shape the ideas behind the American Revolution.
Enlightenment
Often considered the first written constitution in America, it established a democratic government in the Connecticut River towns, setting a precedent for the organization of government in the American colonies.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
The peaceful overthrow of King James II of England by William of Orange. It led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the passing of the English Bill of Rights, influencing political thought in the colonies.
Glorious Revolution
A series of religious revivals across the American colonies that emphasized emotional faith over intellectualism, leading to the spread of new denominations and increased religious diversity.
Great Awakening
The mass movement of English Puritans to New England, driven by a desire to escape religious persecution and establish a society based on their religious beliefs.
Great Migration
A policy adopted by Puritan congregations to allow the children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and thus become church members, though without full membership rights.
Halfway Covenant
A system used in the American colonies, particularly Virginia, to attract settlers by granting them land (usually 50 acres) for each person (including servants) they brought to the colony.
Headright System
Individuals who agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to the New World, room and board. After their service, they were typically granted “freedom dues” and released from their obligations.
Indentured Servants
The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in Virginia. It faced numerous hardships, but eventually prospered through the cultivation of tobacco.
Jamestown
A New York printer whose trial for libel in 1735 established a precedent for freedom of the press in the American colonies.
John Peter Zenger
The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a leading figure among the Puritans, and famous for envisioning the colony as a “city upon a hill.”
John Winthrop
A business entity where different shareholders invest money into the company and share in its profits and losses. Many of the early English colonies, like Jamestown, were funded by them.
Joint Stock Company
A key figure in the First Great Awakening, known for his fiery sermons that emphasized the need for personal conversion and repentance.
Jonathan Edwards
A conflict between New England colonists and Native American groups led by Metacom (King Philip). It was one of the deadliest wars in American history in terms of population proportion.
King Philip’s War
An agreement signed by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower to establish a basic form of self-government and to abide by majority rule.
Mayflower Compact (1620)
An economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances. It was the guiding principle behind British colonial policies, emphasizing the importance of the colonies as sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods.
Mercantilism
A Native American leader who led the Wampanoag and their allies in King Philip’s War against the English colonists.
Metacom
The transatlantic journey enslaved Africans were forced to endure between Africa and the Americas, forming the middle leg of the triangular trade route.
Middle Passage
