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period 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Third U.S. president; author of the Declaration of Independence; led the Democratic-Republican Party

A

Thomas Jefferson

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2
Q

1803 land deal where the U.S. acquired territory from France, doubling its size

A

Louisiana Purchase

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3
Q

Members of Congress who pushed for the War of 1812, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

A

War Hawks

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4
Q

Politician known for his American System, the Missouri Compromise, and compromise efforts

A

Henry Clay

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5
Q

Vice President and advocate for states’ rights and nullification

A

John C. Calhoun

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6
Q

Tecumseh

A

Shawnee leader who sought to unite Native Americans against U.S. expansion.

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7
Q

William Henry Harrison

A

Military leader in the Battle of Tippecanoe; later elected president in 1840.

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8
Q

Battle of Tippecanoe

A

1811 battle where Harrison defeated Tecumseh’s confederation, weakening Native American resistance.

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9
Q

John Marshall

A

Chief Justice who strengthened the federal government’s power through landmark cases.

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10
Q

Judicial Review

A

Power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional, established by Marbury vs. Madison.

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11
Q

Marbury vs. Madison

A

Landmark case establishing judicial review under Chief Justice John Marshall.

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12
Q

Hartford Convention

A

Meeting of Federalists opposing the War of 1812, seen as unpatriotic, leading to party decline.

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13
Q

Impressment

A

British practice of seizing American sailors, leading to tensions and the War of 1812.

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14
Q

Embargo Act (1807)

A

Jefferson’s policy banning U.S. trade with Europe to avoid war, hurting the economy.

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15
Q

War of 1812

A

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain over trade restrictions and impressment, solidifying U.S. independence.

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16
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

Seventh president known for his populist policies, opposition to the Bank, and the Indian Removal Act.

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17
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

Last battle of the War of 1812, making Andrew Jackson a national hero.

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18
Q

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

A

Treaty ending the War of 1812 and restoring prewar borders.

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19
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

Explorers who led the Corps of Discovery to map the Louisiana Territory.

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20
Q

Era of Good Feelings

A

Period of political unity and national pride during Monroe’s presidency.

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21
Q

James Monroe

A

Fifth president; known for the Monroe Doctrine and the Era of Good Feelings.

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22
Q

Period 4 - APUSH

A
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23
Q

Terms & Identifications

A
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24
Q

American System

A

Henry Clay’s plan for economic growth: protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

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25
Second Bank of US
National bank rechartered in 1816; vetoed by Andrew Jackson in 1832.
26
Robert Fulton
Inventor of the first successful steamboat, revolutionizing river transport.
27
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin and pioneer of interchangeable parts in manufacturing.
28
Samuel Slater
“Father of the American Factory System”; established the first U.S. textile mill.
29
Lowell System
Textile factory system in Massachusetts employing young women in controlled environments.
30
Cotton Gin
Machine invented by Eli Whitney to separate cotton seeds, boosting Southern agriculture.
31
Market Revolution
Economic transformation in the U.S. with growth in industry, transportation, and trade.
32
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Supreme Court case affirming federal authority over state banks.
33
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Supreme Court case affirming federal power over interstate commerce.
34
Missouri Compromise
1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as free, balancing Senate power.
35
Monroe Doctrine
Policy asserting U.S. opposition to European interference in the Western Hemisphere.
36
Nativists
Americans opposed to immigration, especially against Irish and German newcomers.
37
Know-Nothing Party
Nativist political party opposing immigration and Catholic influence in America.
38
Nat Turner
Leader of an 1831 slave rebellion in Virginia, intensifying Southern fears and harsher slave codes.
39
Slave Codes
Laws defining the status of slaves and the rights of owners, restricting slaves’ freedoms.
40
Cyrus McCormick
Inventor of the mechanical reaper, which revolutionized farming.
41
John Deere
Inventor of the steel plow, aiding Midwestern agriculture.
42
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Law authorizing relocation of Native tribes west of the Mississippi, leading to the Trail of Tears.
43
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia / Worcester vs. Georgia
Supreme Court cases asserting Native American sovereignty, ignored by Jackson.
44
Worcester vs. Georgia
45
From the Course & Exam Description
46
Pet banks
State banks where Andrew Jackson placed federal funds after vetoing the Second Bank of the U.S.
47
Erie Canal
Canal completed in 1825 connecting Lake Erie to the Hudson River, spurring trade and settlement.
48
Specie Circular
1836 executive order by Jackson requiring land payments in gold or silver.
49
Panic of 1837
Ecpresidentonomic crisis caused by bank failures, inflation, and the Specie Circular.
50
Universal White Male Suffrage
Expansion of voting rights to all white men, regardless of property ownership.
51
Party nominating convention
Meetings where political parties nominate presidential candidates, increasing public involvement.
52
John Quincy Adams
Sixth U.S. president; negotiated the Treaty of Ghent and promoted the Monroe Doctrine.
53
Corrupt Bargain
Accusation of a deal between Adams and Clay in the 1824 election to secure Adams’s presidency.
54
Nullification Crisis
Conflict over South Carolina’s attempt to nullify federal tariffs, testing states’ rights.
55
Dorothea Dix
Advocate for the mentally ill, leading to reform in asylum conditions.
56
Susan B. Anthony
Prominent women’s rights activist and suffrage movement leader.
57
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Leader in the women’s rights movement; co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention.
58
William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist and founder of The Liberator advocating for an immediate end to slavery.
59
Horace Mann
Advocate for public education reform and establishing a system of common schools.
60
Lyman Beecher
Prominent preacher and leader in the temperance and revival movements.
61
Henry David Thoreau
Politician known for his American System, the Missouri Compromise, and compromise efforts.
62
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalist writer and thinker promoting individualism and self-reliance.
63
Second Great Awakening
Religious revival movement sparking social reforms, including abolitionism and temperance.
64
American Temperance Society
Organization promoting the reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption.
65
Seneca Falls Convention
1848 meeting marking the start of the women’s rights movement; issued Declaration of Sentiments.
66
Henry David Thoreau
Transcendentalist author of Walden and advocate of civil disobedience.
67
War Hawks
Members of Congress who pushed for the War of 1812, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
68
Thomas Jefferson
Third U.S. president; author of the Declaration of Independence; led the Democratic-Republican Party.
69
Louisiana Purchase
1803 land deal where the U.S. acquired territory from France, doubling its size.

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