period 3 terms

Question 1

A 1754 proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create a unified government for the colonies, aimed at coordinating defense against French threats.

Answer 1

Albany Plan of Union

Question 2

1798 laws passed under President John Adams, restricting immigration and curtailing speech critical of the government.

Answer 2

Alien and Sedition Acts

Question 3

Opponents of the 1787 Constitution, favoring stronger state governments and fearing centralized power.

Answer 3

Anti-Federalists

Question 4

The first U.S. governing document (1781-1789), which created a weak central government and strong states’ rights.

Answer 4

Articles of Confederation

Question 5

The first U.S. governing document (1781-1789), which created a weak central government and strong states’ rights.

Answer 5

Articles of Confederation

Question 6

1777 turning point of the Revolutionary War; the American victory convinced France to support the colonists.

Answer 6

Battle of Saratoga

Question 7

Final major battle of the American Revolution (1781) where British General Cornwallis surrendered to Washington.

Answer 7

Battle of Yorktown

Question 8

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, added in 1791 to protect individual liberties and limit government power.

Answer 8

Bill of Rights

Question 9

A 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging American independence from Britain, influencing public opinion toward revolution.

Answer 9

Common Sense

Question 10

Also known as the Great Compromise; established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in one house and equal representation in the other.

Answer 10

Connecticut Plan

Question 11

1776 document asserting the colonies’ break from Britain, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, stating unalienable rights and grievances.

Answer 11

Declaration of Independence

Question 12

1766 law asserting Britain’s right to tax and legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever” following the repeal of the Stamp Act.

Answer 12

Declaratory Act

Question 13

Led by Jefferson, it advocated for a limited national government and stronger state sovereignty, opposing the Federalists.

Answer 13

Democratic-Republican Party

Question 14

18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights, influencing the American Revolution.

Answer 14

Enlightenment

Question 15

A series of essays (1787-88) by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay promoting the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Answer 15

Federalist Papers

Question 16

Early political party led by Hamilton, advocating for a strong national government and a commercial economy.

Answer 16

Federalist Party

Question 17

Supporters of the 1787 Constitution, advocating for a stronger central government.

Answer 17

Federalists

Question 18

1774 meeting of colonial delegates in response to the Intolerable Acts, which coordinated colonial resistance.

Answer 18

First Continental Congress

Question 19

Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and the first President of the United States.

Answer 19

George Washington

Question 20

Alexander Hamilton’s proposals for a national bank, federal assumption of state debts, and promotion of industry.

Answer 20

Hamilton’s Economic Plan

Question 21

1774 punitive laws passed after the Boston Tea Party, meant to tighten British control over Massachusetts.

Answer 21

Intolerable/Coercive Acts

Question 22

1794 treaty with Britain that resolved issues remaining since the Revolution but angered France and the American public.

Answer 22

Jay’s Treaty

Question 23

Enlightenment philosopher who argued for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the idea of a social contract.

Answer 23

John Locke

Question 24

1789 Law that established the federal court system, including the Supreme Court.

Answer 24

Judiciary Act

Question 25

1798-99 statements authored by Jefferson and Madison, arguing that states could nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

Answer 25

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Question 26

Legislation that set up a system for surveying and selling western lands, promoting orderly expansion.

Answer 26

Land Ordinance of 1785

Question 27

First battles of the American Revolution (1775), marking the start of the conflict with Britain.

Answer 27

Lexington & Concord

Question 28

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War.

Answer 28

Loyalists

Question 29

Part of Hamilton's financial plan to stabilize the U.S. economy by creating a federal bank.

Answer 29

National Bank

Question 30

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention favoring equal representation for each state, regardless of size.

Answer 30

New Jersey Plan

Question 31

1787 Law that structured settlement of the Northwest Territory and set guidelines for admitting new states.

Answer 31

Northwest Ordinance

Question 32

1763 Treaty that ended the Seven Years' War, ceding French territory in North America to Britain.

Answer 32

Peace of Paris

Question 33

1795 treaty with Spain that opened the Mississippi River to American navigation and defined the Florida boundary.

Answer 33

Pinckney Treaty

Question 34

1763 Native American uprising against British post-war policies following the French and Indian War.

Answer 34

Pontiac's Rebellion

Question 35

British law forbidding colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, aimed at reducing conflict with Native Americans.

Answer 35

Proclamation of 1763

Question 36

1793 declaration by Washington that the U.S. would remain neutral in European wars.

Answer 36

Proclamation of Neutrality

Question 37

Law requiring American colonists to provide housing and supplies to British soldiers.

Answer 37

Quartering Act

Question 38

1774 act that extended Quebec's territory and allowed for free practice of Catholicism, angering Protestant colonists.

Answer 38

Quebec Act

Question 39

The idea that women should educate their children in republican values, empowering them to shape the new nation.

Answer 39

Republican Motherhood

Question 40

The peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to Democratic-Republicans when Thomas Jefferson won the presidency.

Answer 40

Revolution of 1800

Question 41

British policy of loosely enforcing colonial laws, allowing the colonies relative freedom until the mid-18th century.

Answer 41

Salutary Neglect

Question 42

1775 assembly that organized the Continental Army and eventually drafted the Declaration of Independence.

Answer 42

Second Continental Congress

Question 43

A global conflict (1756-1763) that involved European powers and led to British dominance in North America.

Answer 43

Seven Years' War

Question 44

1786-87 uprising by Massachusetts farmers protesting debt and taxes, highlighting weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.

Answer 44

Shays' Rebellion

Question 45

1765 British tax on paper goods in the colonies, sparking widespread protest and helping unify colonial opposition.

Answer 45

Stamp Act

Question 46

1765 meeting of colonial representatives to protest the Stamp Act, asserting “no taxation without representation.”

Answer 46

Stamp Act Congress

Question 47

1764 British law taxing sugar and other imports to the colonies to raise revenue for war debts, angering colonists.

Answer 47

Sugar Act

Question 48

1773 law allowing the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies, leading to the Boston Tea Party.

Answer 48

Tea Act

Question 49

Author of the Declaration of Independence, third U.S. president, and leader of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Answer 49

Thomas Jefferson

Question 50

Revolutionary writer who authored "Common Sense" and helped inspire colonial support for independence.

Answer 50

Thomas Paine

Question 51

Constitutional agreement counting three out of every five slaves for representation and taxation purposes.

Answer 51

Three-Fifths Compromise

Question 52

1767 laws imposing duties on imported goods to the colonies, leading to protests and boycotts.

Answer 52

Townshend Acts

Question 53

1783 Agreement that ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing U.S. independence and ceding British territory.

Answer 53

Treaty of Paris

Question 54

Constitutional proposal favoring representation based on population, benefitting larger states.

Answer 54

Virginia Plan

Question 55

1796 speech advising the U.S. to avoid political parties and entangling foreign alliances.

Answer 55

Washington's Farewell Address

Question 56

1794 protest against a federal tax on whiskey by western farmers, crushed by federal troops under Washington.

Answer 56

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 57

A 1797 diplomatic incident where French officials demanded bribes from American envoys, leading to public outrage and an undeclared naval war.

Answer 57

XYZ Affair