Period 3

Question 1

French and Indian War

Answer 1

The French and Indian War in North America (1754-1763) mirrored the Seven Years War in Europe (1756-1763). English colonists and soldiers fought the French and their Native American allies for dominance in North America. England’s eventual victory brought England control of much disputed territory and eliminated the French as a threat to English dominance in the Americas.

Question 2

Pontiacs Rebellion

Answer 2

1763 - Indian rebellion led by chief Pontiac shortly after the end of the seven years war. Attacked British forts in the west

Question 3

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 3

forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Question 4

Sugar Act

Answer 4

(1764) British deeply in debt partl to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors.

Question 5

Quartering Act

Answer 5

(1765) Required colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. Many colonists saw it as an encroachment on their rights.

Question 6

Stamp Act

Answer 6

(1765) Part of Grenville’s plan to defray the cost of maintaining the British army along the American frontier. Revenue stamps were attached to printed matter and legal documents, newspapers, and insurance papers etc. For the colonists the main issue was “no taxation without representation.” Public protests increased until it was repealed in 1766.

Question 7

Declaratory Act

Answer 7

In 1766, the English Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and at the same time signed the Declaratory Act. This document stated that Parliament had the right “to bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” It is important because it stopped the violence and rebellions against the tax on stamps. Also, it restarted trade with England, which had temporarily stopped as a defiant reaction to the Stamp Act.

Question 8

Townshend Act

Answer 8

passed by Parliament in 1767, placed taxes on imported materials such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Led to outrage and tons of people boycotted British goods.

Question 9

Patrick Henry

Answer 9

founding father, served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virgina. (famous “Give me liberty, or give me death!” speech)

Question 10

Sons of Liberty

Answer 10

A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.

Question 11

Samuel Adams

Answer 11

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

Question 12

Paul Revere

Answer 12

American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)

Question 13

Boston Massacre

Answer 13

British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution.

Question 14

Boston Tea Party

Answer 14

Demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor as a protest to taxes on tea

Question 15

Intolerable Acts

Answer 15

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop’s in barns and empty houses

Question 16

Coercive Acts

Answer 16

2. port act closed the port of Boston until the tea was paid for.

Question 17

3. MA Gov’t act reduced the power of the MA legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor.

Question 18

4. Allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of the colonies.

Question 19

5. expanded the quartering act to enable British troops to be quartered in private homes–applied to all colonies.

Question 20

Quebec Act

Answer 20

1744, law passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party, Expanded the borders of Canada, took land away from the colonies and gave it to Quebec, tried to take away colonies local self-rights

Question 21

Salutary Neglect

Answer 21

an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies’ continued economic loyalty

Question 22

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 22

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Question 23

1st Continental Congress

Answer 23

On September 1774, delegates from 12 colonies gathered in Philadelphia. After debating, the delegates passed a resolution backing Mass. in its struggle. Decided to boycott all British goods and to stop exporting goods to Britain until the Intolerance Act was canceled.

Question 24

John Adams

Answer 24

A Massachusetts attorney and politician who was a strong believer in colonial independence. He argued against the Stamp Act and was involved in various patriot groups. As a delegate from Massachusetts, he urged the Second Continental Congress to declare independence. He helped draft and pass the Declaration of Independence. Adams later served as the first Vice President and the second President of the United States.

Question 25

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 25

He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States.

Question 26

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 26

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. He was instrumental in negotiating French support for the Revolution.

Question 27

Lexington and Concord

Answer 27

"The Shot Heard Round the World"- The first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts.

Question 28

Bunker Hill

Answer 28

early battle of the Revolution which showed that the colonist could stand next to the British forces; the Americans inflicted large casualties on the British but in the end lost the battle due to a shortage of ammunition

Question 29

2nd Continental Congress

Answer 29

1.Sent the "Olive Branch Petition"

Question 30

2.Created a continental army with George Washington as the leader.

Question 31

4. Agreed to write a formal letter declaring their independence from England.

Question 32

Declaration of Independence

Answer 32

Drafted in 1776 by T. Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain (3 parts-New theory of government, reasons for separation, formal declaration of war and independence)

Question 33

Patriots

Answer 33

American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won

Question 34

Tories

Answer 34

The Tories were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution. (aka Loyalists)

Question 35

Benedict Arnold

Answer 35

American General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point.

Question 36

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 36

before the revolution the 2nd Continental Congress sent a letter sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III in 1775 in an attempt to avoid war (failed)

Question 37

Thomas Paine

Answer 37

Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man

Question 38

Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking Up Arms

Answer 38

A letter to the world explaining why the colonies were rebelling and that it was necessary

Question 39

Saratoga

Answer 39

Battle won by the Americans in 1777 which helped convince the French to support the revolution.

Question 40

French Alliance

Answer 40

The French entered the war in 1778, and assisted in the victory of the Americans seeking independence from Britain

Question 41

Yorktown

Answer 41

1781; last battle of the revolution; Benedict Arnold, Cornwallis and Washington; colonists won because British were surrounded and they surrended

Question 42

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 42

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River

Question 43

Separation of Power

Answer 43

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law

Question 44

Articles of Confederation

Answer 44

Set up the 1st independent American government (1783-88). Nonbinding "league of friendship" among sovereign states with weak central government to help with common defense & cooperation (like the European Union). Replaced by our current constitution in 1788.

Question 45

ratify

Answer 45

to approve, give formal approval to, confirm

Question 46

land ordinance of 1785

Answer 46

A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S.

Question 47

Northwest Ordinance 1787

Answer 47

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery

Question 48

Shay's Rebellion

Answer 48

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

Question 49

Valley Forge

Answer 49

Place where George Washington and the Continental Army set up camp during the winter of 1777-1778; Washington lost almost half of his army to disease and starvation

Question 50

Constitutional Convention

Answer 50

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.

Question 51

James Madison

Answer 51

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Question 52

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 52

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Question 53

John Jay

Answer 53

1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington

Question 54

Federalists

Answer 54

Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution.

Question 55

Anti-Federalists

Answer 55

Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states

Question 56

Virginia Plan

Answer 56

The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each state in Congress in proportion to that state's share of the U.S. population.

Question 57

New Jersey Plan

Answer 57

Plan at Philadelphia Convention for equal representation in new Congress (1 state 1 vote). Also known as "small state plan." Opposite of the Virginia "big state" Plan. Becomes basis of representation in the Senate.

Question 58

Bill of Rights

Answer 58

A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10, and in all state constitutions.

Question 59

George Washington

Answer 59

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)

Question 60

Presidential Cabinet

Answer 60

Created by George Washington, a group of advisors that helped him run the government. Each is given a "department" and is referred to as the "secretary of…" (except for the Attorney General).

Question 61

Proclamation of Neutrality

Answer 61

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington (1793), declaring the U.S. a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

Question 62

Jay Treaty

Answer 62

(GW) 1795, Chief Justice John Jay was sent to Britain to stop the seizing of American's ships but Britain refused which lead to the closing of the western posts for the British

Question 63

Pickney Treaty

Answer 63

1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.

Question 64

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 64

A protest caused by tax on liquor; it tested the will of the government; Washington's quick response showed the government's strength and mercy (led an army to put down the rebellion)

Question 65

Washington's Farewell Address

Answer 65

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

Question 66

XYZ Affair

Answer 66

Incident in which French agents demanded a bribe and loan from the U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; led to an undeclared war between U.S. and France

Question 67

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 67

A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies (1798)

Question 68

Election of 1800

Answer 68

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President. (aka Revolution of 1800)